Teaching & Researching

Contents General Editors’ Preface   Acknowledgements Introduction Section I   Key concepts 1 The emergence of CALL 1.1   A broad discipline 1.2   Technology driving CALL 1.3   The changing focus of research in CALL   Summary 2 A brief history of CALL    2.1   CALL in the 1950s and 1960s 2.2   Simulations   2.3   CALL in the 1970s and 1980s 2.4   CALL in the 1990s   2.5   CALL in the 21st Century Summary 3 Hypertext, hypermedia and multimedia 3.1   Hypertext    3.2   Hypermedia    3.3   Multimedia   3.4   Antecedents of multimedia    3.5   Science fiction and CALL 3.6   The printed book and CALL    3.7   Applications to general learning  3.8   Applications of multimedia to language learning   Summary 4 Eight CALL applications    4.1   Word processing   4.2   Games  4.3   Literature 4.4   Corpus linguistics   4.5   Computer-mediated communication   4.6   WWW resources 4.7   Adapting other materials for CALL   4.8   Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and Mobile Telephones    Summary Section II The place of CALL in research and teaching    5 Second-language Acquisition and models of instruction 5.1   Concepts in SLA, behaviourism and constructivism 5.2   Comprehensible input and output 5.3   Behaviourist  models of instruction 5.4   Constructivism    Summary 6 Collaboration and negotiation of meaning 6.1   The place of collaboration in CALL   6.2   Structuring collaboration 6.3   Differences between collaboration and other terms 6.4   The range of collaboration and CALL   6.5   Collaboration at the computer   6.6   Benefits of collaborative learning at the computer    6.7   Collaboration, CALL and SLA   6.8   Collaboration at the computer as evidenced by discourse  6.9   Challenges to collaboration    6.10    Challenges to collaboration in a CALL context 6.11    Discourse that evidences challenges to collaboration   Summary 7 Defining a model of CALL   7.1   Defining a model   7.2   The need for a CALL model    7.3   A model of current non-CALL language learning    7.4   Dunkin and Biddle’s model in a CALL context 7.5   Various views of CALL    7.6   Teacher and pupil classroom behavior: activities used in CALL 7.7   A virtual classroom   7.8   Aspects of a CALL model    Summary 8   Theoretical and pedagogical concerns   8.1   Concerns for software development 8.2   Pedagogical concerns for classroom practice    8.3 &uating software 8.4   Learning and working styles 8.5   Evolving technology 8.6   Commercial software 8.7   Making better use of existing materials   8.8   Copyright and plagiarism    8.9   Viruses 8.10    Safety online   8.11    Technological have-nots Summary Section III    Researching CALL 9 Current research interests 9.1   A new field: reporting CALL research 9.2   Approaches to research in CALL   9.3   The computer as a tool of research    9.4   The role of commercial publishers 9.5   Reviewing current studies: a survey   9.6   Conducting research    9.7   Action research Summary 10    Research 10.1    Research context 1: The literature review   10.2    Research context 2: A pilot study   10.3    Research context 3: Corpus linguistics 10.4    Research context 4: Error analysis 10.5    Research context 5: The experiment 10.6    Research context 6: A case study   10.7    Research context 7: The survey 10.8    Research context 8: The ethnographic approach  Conclusion   Section IV   Resources    Glossary of key terms References Index