NATO's Secret Armies

Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe

Daniele Ganser

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English

Routledge
22 December 2004

Peace studies & conflict resolution; Terrorism, armed struggle; Warfare & defence

Series: Contemporary Security Studies

"The CIA and the British secret service MI6, in collaboration with the military alliance NATO and European military secret services set up a network of clandestine anticommunist armies in Western Europe after World War II. The secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centers in England and in the United States by the Green Berets and SAS Special Forces.

The network was armed with explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication equipment hidden in underground bunkers

and secret arms caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some countries the secret army linked up with right-wing terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties, massacres, coup 'Etats and torture. Codenamed ""Gladio"" ('the sword'), the Italian secret army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the press spoke of ""The best kept, and most damaging, political-military secret since World War II"" (Observer, 18. November 1990) and

observed that ""The story seems straight from the pages of a

political thriller."" (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since, so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine

Committee (ACC) in Brussels in October 1990."

By: Daniele Ganser
Imprint: Routledge
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Dimensions: Height: 234mm, Width: 156mm, Spine: 19mm
Weight: 680g
ISBN: 9780714656076
ISBN 10: 0714656070
Series: Contemporary Security Studies
Pages: 336
Publication Date: 22 December 2004
Audience: General/trade , College/higher education , Professional and scholarly , ELT Advanced , Primary
Format: Hardback
Publisher's Status: Active

Introduction 1. A Terrorist Attack In Italy 2. A Scandal Shocks Western Europe 3. No Comment From NATO, CIA And MI64. The Secret War In The United Kingdom 5. The Secret War In The United States 6. The Secret War In Italy 7. The Secret War In France 8. The Secret War In Spain 9. The Secret War In Portugal 10. The Secret War In Belgium 11. The Secret War In The Netherlands 12. The Secret War In Luxemburg 13. The Secret War In Denmark 14. The Secret War In Norway 15. The Secret War In Germany 16. The Secret War In Greece 17. The Secret War In Turkey Conclusion

Daniele Ganser is a Senior Researcher at the Center for Security Studies at the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland. He studied at Basel University in Switzerland, at Amsterdam University (UVA) in the Netherlands, and at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) in England. He has published on the role of the United Nations in the Cuban conflict, Switzerland's path towards the United Nations and Switzerland's position outside the European Union.