NATO's Secret Armies

Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe

Daniele Ganser

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English

Routledge
22 December 2004

Peace studies & conflict resolution; History; International institutions; Terrorism, armed struggle; Warfare & defence

Series: Contemporary Security Studies

"The CIA and the British secret service MI6, in collaboration with the military alliance NATO and European military secret services set up a network of clandestine anticommunist armies in Western Europe after World War II. The secret soldiers were trained on remote islands in the Mediterranean and in unorthodox warfare centers in England and in the United States by the Green Berets and SAS Special Forces.

The network was armed with explosives, machine guns and high-tech communication equipment hidden in underground bunkers

and secret arms caches in forests and mountain meadows. In some countries the secret army linked up with right-wing terrorist who in a secret war engaged in political manipulation, harrassement of left wing parties, massacres, coup 'Etats and torture. Codenamed ""Gladio"" ('the sword'), the Italian secret army was exposed in 1990 by Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti to the Italian Senate, whereupon the press spoke of ""The best kept, and most damaging, political-military secret since World War II"" (Observer, 18. November 1990) and

observed that ""The story seems straight from the pages of a

political thriller."" (The Times, November 19, 1990). Ever since, so-called 'stay-behind' armies of NATO have also been discovered in France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Greece and Turkey. They were internationally coordinated by the Pentagon and NATO and had their last known meeting in the NATO-linked Allied Clandestine

Committee (ACC) in Brussels in October 1990."

By: Daniele Ganser
Imprint: Routledge
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Dimensions: Height: 234mm, Width: 156mm, Spine: 17mm
Weight: 1.060kg
ISBN: 9780714685007
ISBN 10: 0714685003
Series: Contemporary Security Studies
Pages: 336
Publication Date: 22 December 2004
Audience: General/trade , College/higher education , Professional and scholarly , ELT Advanced , Primary
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active