Interpretation Basics of Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Preface to the Second Edition ix Acknowledgments xi About the Companion Website xiii 1. Introduction to Cone Beam Computed Tomography 1 Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 1 Conventional Computed Tomography 1 Cone Beam Computed Tomography 2 Conventional CT versus Cone Beam CT 2 Viewing CBCT Data 4 Artifacts 7 References 11 2. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Recommendations 13 Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 13 Endodontics 13 Orthodontics 18 Periodontics 24 References 30 3. Legal Issues Concerning Cone Beam Computed Tomography 33 Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 33 Standard of Care 33 Recommendations 34 Summary 36 References 37 4. Paranasal Sinuses and Mastoid Air Cells 39 Gayle Tieszen Reardon Introduction 39 Anatomy 39 Inflammatory Disease of the Paranasal Sinuses 56 Intrinsic Disease of the Paranasal Sinuses 60 Postsurgical Changes of Paranasal Sinuses 69 References 70 5. The Sinonasal Cavity and Airway 73 Gayle Tieszen Reardon Introduction 73 Anatomy 73 Surgical Variations 87 Inflammatory Diseases 89 The Pharynx 91 The Nasopharynx 92 The Oropharynx 93 The Hypopharynx (Also Called Laryngopharynx) 95 The Parapharyngeal Space 95 References 96 6. Cranial Skull Base and Orbits 97 Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 97 Anatomy 97 Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 106 Incidental Findings 111 References 113 7. Soft Tissues 115 Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 115 Pathosis-Arterial Calcifications 115 Pathosis-Other Calcifications 122 Incidental Findings-Soft Tissue of the Brain 126 Incidental Findings-Orbital Cavity 133 Incidental Findings-Face 136 References 138 8. Cervical Spine 141 Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 141 Anatomy 141 Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 147 Pathosis 153 References 158 9. Maxilla and Mandible (excluding TMJs) 161 Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 161 Anatomy 161 Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 167 Pathosis 169 Incidental Findings 178 References 182 10. Temporomandibular Joints 183 Gayle Tieszen Reardon Introduction 183 Normal Anatomy and Function 183 Developmental Abnormalities 187 Soft-Tissue Abnormalities 192 Remodeling and Arthritis 194 Trauma 204 Tumors 206 References 207 11. Implants 209 Gayle Tieszen Reardon and Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 209 Imaging for Implant Purposes 210 CBCT Image Development 214 Gray Values and Hounsfield Units 214 Bone Density: A Key Determinant for Treatment Planning 215 Linear Measurement Accuracy 216 Mandibular Canal 217 Virtual Implant Placement Software 218 References 221 Appendix Sample Reports 223 Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 223 General Health Report 224 Pathology Report 226 Endodontic Report 231 Index 237