Compact and Flexible Microwave Devices will equip you with essential insights into the transformative potential of RF and microwave technologies, crucial for driving innovation in communication systems, wearables, and advanced industries.
Microwave devices are an integral part of modern-day communication technology, present in everything from wireless internet connections to self-driving cars. This ever-evolving technology has the potential to revolutionize wearables, sensors, and 5G/6G networks. This volume explores the design and analysis of RF and microwave devices, including types of practical antenna design, antenna arrays, metasurfaces, and device-to-device communications. The innovative potential of microwave devices has the power to revolutionize everyday human life, providing more accurate and intuitive sensing to improve quality of life. Compact and Flexible Microwave Devices is a comprehensive guide to these ground-breaking technologies that introduces cutting-edge applications for integration with next-generation communication systems, the healthcare industry and Industry and Web 4.0.
Preface xiii 1 A Systematic Survey on Wearable Biomedical Sensors Using Flexible Microwaves Devices 1 Warisha Fatima, Shailendra Kumar, Mohd Javed Khan and Indrasen Singh 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Literature Survey 3 1.3 Procedure and Working 11 1.4 Next-Generation Wearables: A Strategic Plan for the Future 14 1.5 Conclusion 17 2 Metamaterials in 5G and the Path towards 6G: Enabling Advanced Wireless Communication 25 Mohd Javed Khan, Saif Ahmad, Indrasen Singh and Zeenat Fatima 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 Basics of Metamaterials 28 2.3 Metamaterials in 5G Communication 34 2.4 Towards 6G: Future Challenges and Metamaterials Integration 38 2.5 Case Studies and Applications 40 2.6 Future Directions and Research Challenges 43 2.7 Conclusion 44 3 Optimization of Time-Modulated Circular Antenna Array for MIMO Systems through Evolutionary Algorithms 49 Satish Kumar, Gopi Ram, Durbadal Mandal and Rajib Kar 3.1 Introduction 50 3.2 Design Equations 51 3.3 Evolutionary Optimization Method Used 55 3.4 Cost Function Formulation 55 3.5 Computational Result 56 3.6 The Convergence Curves of DE, PSO, and NPSO 61 3.7 Conclusions 62 4 Fractal Antenna MIMO Arrays: A Promising Multiband Solution for Modern 5G Wireless Automotive Applications 65 Gurmeet Singh, Ashish Kumar and Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha 4.1 Introduction 66 4.2 Various Forms of Antenna Array 69 4.3 Feed Networks for Antenna Array 75 4.4 Fractal Geometries 76 4.5 Fractal Antenna Arrays 82 4.6 Recent Trends in the Fractal Antenna Arrays 89 4.7 Conclusion 93 5 Multiband Fractal Antenna: A Novel Miniaturization Technique 97 Ruchi Kadwane 5.1 Introduction 98 5.2 Fractal Designs 98 5.3 Iterative Function System 103 5.4 Advantages and Limitations of Fractal Geometry in Antennas 104 5.5 Compact Printed Multiband Fractal Antenna: Novel Design Approach 105 5.6 Conclusion 121 6 Applications of Metasurfaces for Modern Planar Antenna Design 125 V. Bharathi, Parthasarathy Ramanujam and Krishnamurthy Ramanujam 6.1 Metasurfaces -- Introduction and Characteristics Relationship 126 6.2 Characteristics Mode Analysis (CMA) 130 6.3 Realization and Evaluations of MS-Based Antenna Models 137 6.4 Frequency Selective Surfaces and Its Types 139 6.5 Relationship Between Mutual Coupling Reduction and FSS Superstrate in CP-MIMO Antennas 144 6.6 Conclusion 146 7 A Review on Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorbers and Its Application 151 Surender Singh Bisht, Amit Kumar and Dharmendra K. Jhariya 7.1 Introduction 152 7.2 Types of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Wave Absorbers 156 7.3 Type of Metamaterial 158 7.4 The Metamaterial (MTM) Absorbers Theory 162 7.5 Different Approaches for Analysis of Microwave Absorption 165 7.6 Narrowband Metamaterial Absorbers 167 7.7 Electromagnetic Metamaterial Design Consideration 169 7.8 Applications of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorbers Are Classified on Frequency Range 172 7.9 Applications and Research Area of Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorber 174 7.10 Advancements in Metamaterials in Recent Times 186 7.11 Conclusion and Prospects for the Future 187 8 RF-Based Wearable PPG Sensor for Real-Time Cardiovascular Health Monitoring 197 Mohammed Arshad Ali Khan and Geetha Chakaravarthi 8.1 Introduction 198 8.2 Motivation 199 8.3 The Fundamental of Photoplethysmography 201 8.4 RF-Based Wearable Sensors and Applications in Healthcare Monitoring 205 8.5 Methodology 209 8.6 Experimental Setup of EH Module Integrated with PPG Sensor 213 8.7 Data Analysis 214 8.8 Impact of Wearable Sensors in the Market 216 8.9 Conclusion and Future Scope 218 References 218 Index 223
Dilip Kumar Choudhary, PhD is an assistant professor in the School of Electronics Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology. He has authored over 35 articles in international journals and conferences, one copyright, and two book chapters. His research interests include microwave filtering circuits, metamaterials, antennas, power dividers, and couplers for wireless communication. Indrasen Singh, PhD is an assistant professor in the School of Electronics Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology with over 15 years of teaching and research experience. He has published over 20 research papers in national and international journals and conferences of repute and serves as an editor for several journals. His research interests include cooperative communication, stochastic geometry, modeling of wireless networks, heterogeneous networks, millimeter wave communications, device-to-device communication, and 5G and 6G communication. Manoj Kumar Singh is a senior project manager at Ericsson Global India Service Pvt. Ltd. in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India with over 16 years of professional experience. He has many notable industry certifications, including PMP and CSM, Enterprise Design Thinking from IBM, cloud computing, and GenAI project management. His experience has driven global project transformations and advancements in telecoms technology. His research interests include automation development using Python, Java, and AI and machine learning. Amit Kumar Jain, PhD is a lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in the School of Computing, Engineering, and Built Environment at Glasgow Caledonian University. He has published two books and over 20 papers in reputed academic journals and conferences in addition to serving as an industry consultant and reviewer for several international journals. His research interests include reliability, Industry 4.0, manufacturing analytics, and operations management.
