2D NANOMATERIALS
The book provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, modification, characterization, and application of 2D nanomaterials.
In recent years, 2D nanomaterials have emerged as a remarkable cornerstone in the field of advanced materials research, with their unique properties and versatile applications captivating the attention of scientists and engineers worldwide. This book is a testament to the ever-growing interest and importance of 2D nanomaterials in the realm of materials science, nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and a myriad of engineering specializations.
The book is structured into three sections, each delving into different aspects of 2D nanomaterials. The first section explores the synthesis of these materials, providing an overview of both top-down and bottom-up strategies. Understanding the methods by which these materials can be synthesized is crucial for advancing their potential applications. Additionally, this section details the structural characterization of 2D nanomaterials, shedding light on their intricate compositions and properties. The second section examines the diverse characteristics exhibited by 2D nanomaterials. From their magnetic and mechanical properties to their electrical, plasmonic, and optical behaviors, these materials possess an array of intriguing attributes that make them highly attractive for a wide range of applications. This section of the book provides a comprehensive understanding of these properties, enabling readers to appreciate the unique potential of 2D nanomaterials. The final section focuses on the applications of 2D nanomaterials, highlighting their use in various fields such as energy, water purification, biomedical applications, multimodal tumor therapy, and supercapacitor technology.
Preface xvii Part I: Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials 1 1 Top-Down Strategies Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 3 Pranjyan Dash and Pradeep Kumar Panda 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Top-Down Strategy Synthesis Method 5 1.3 Laser Ablation 10 1.4 Characterizations and Toxicity of 2D Nanomaterials 11 1.5 Conclusions 12 2 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 17 Nibedita Nath, Subhendu Chakroborty and Anita Routaray 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterial 18 2.3 Synthesis Strategies 21 2.4 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 26 2.5 Conclusion and Outlook 32 3 Unveiling the Intricacies: Characterization Techniques for 2D Nanomaterials 43 Siba Soren, Subhendu Chakroborty, Rudra N. Purusottam and Amiya Ranjan Panda 3.1 Introduction 44 3.2 Characterization Techniques 45 3.3 Conclusion 53 Part II: Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 59 4 Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 61 Nandini Roy 4.1 Introduction 62 4.2 Structure of 2D Materials 62 4.2.1 Graphene 62 4.3 Magnetic 2D Materials 65 4.4 Origin of Magnetization in 2D Materials 65 4.5 Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 66 4.6 Conclusion 68 5 Electrical, Plasmonic, and Optical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 73 Ankita Subhrasmita Gadtya and Srikanta Moharana 5.1 Introduction 74 5.2 Overview of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials (2D NMs) 77 5.3 Electrical Properties of 2D NMs 80 5.4 Optical Properties of 2D NMs 84 5.5 Plasmonic Properties of 2D NMs 85 5.6 Recent Applications of 2D NMs 87 5.7 Challenges and Prospective 93 5.8 Conclusion 93 Part III: Application of 2D Nanomaterials 103 6 Challenges Surrounding 2D Nanomaterials and Their Application to Photocatalytic Industrial Wastewater Treatment 105 Anchit Modi and N. K. Gaur 6.1 Introduction 106 6.2 Photocatalysis for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 107 6.3 2D Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis 110 6.4 Challenges in Utilizing 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment 112 6.5 Strategies to Overcome Challenges 113 6.6 Case Studies and Applications 114 6.7 Conclusion 116 7 Application of 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Storage 121 Tulasi Barik and Subhendu Chakroborty 7.1 Introduction 121 7.2 2D Nanomaterials for Application of Lithium Ion Batteries 122 7.3 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Sodium Ion Batteries 129 7.4 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Potassium Ion Batteries 134 7.5 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors 137 8 Innovation in Photoinduced Antibacterial 2D Nanomaterials 155 Zubaid ul Khazir Rather, Shabnam Kawoosa, Gulam Nabi Yatoo, Mohd Asif Hajam, Sajad Ahmed Bhat and Javid Ahmed Banday 8.1 Introduction 156 8.2 Antibacterial Applications Based on Graphene-Induced Photostimulation 159 8.3 Antibacterial Mechanisms of Graphene-Based Family 168 8.4 Conclusion 172 9 2D Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery System 185 Syed Muzammil Munawar, Dhandayuthabani Rajendiran and Kaleel Basha Sabjan 9.1 Introduction 186 9.2 2D Material Biosynthesis 190 9.3 Encapsulation of 2D Materials 192 9.4 Hydrogel Encapsulation--2D Materials 193 9.5 2D Material Encapsulation--Liposomes 194 9.6 2D Supply Encapsulation--Micelle 195 9.7 Stimuli Responsive 2D Material SDDSs--Classification 195 9.8 Light-Sensitive SDDSs 196 9.9 Magnetic Field-Responsive SDDSs 196 9.10 Various Response Exhibits Diverse--Advantages/ Disadvantages 197 9.11 2D Material SDDS Therapy--Cancer 197 9.12 Antibacterial 198 9.13 Orthopedic 200 9.14 Diabetes Mellitus 200 9.15 2D Materials in Intelligent Drug Delivery System--Advantages 201 9.16 Disadvantages 201 9.17 Conclusion and Future Perspective 202 10 New Technology 2D Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering 209 Banti Baishya, Saurav Paul, Hillol Das, Utsab Singha and Dipyaman Mohanta 10.1 Introduction 210 10.2 Regeneration of Tissue and Organ Repair in Nature 211 10.3 Nanotechnology and Neural Tissue Engineering 214 10.4 2D Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering Application 218 10.5 2D Nanomaterials and Peripheral Nerve Engineering 224 10.6 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Spinal Cord Repair 231 10.7 2D Nanomaterials for Drug/Gene Delivery 233 10.8 Challenges and Prospects 234 11 Theranostic Approach of 2D Nanomaterials in Breast Cancer 241 Pravati Panda, Subhendu Chakroborty and Kaushik Pal 11.1 Introduction 242 11.2 Applications 243 12 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 263 Grandprix T. M. Kadja, St Mardiana and Arxhel S. F. Nanda 12.1 Introduction 264 12.2 Basics of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 265 12.3 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 267 12.4 Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance 276 12.5 Conclusion and Outlook 280 13 Supercapacitor Based on 2D Nanomaterials and Their Hybrid 289 Anupam Kumar and Arun Rathore 13.1 Introduction 290 13.2 Structure Design of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Supercapacitors 297 13.3 2D Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Technology 301 13.4 Conclusions 307 14 2D Nanomaterials Based for Electrocatalytic Application 315 Anchit Modi, D. K. Gupta, Jitendra Malviya and N. K. Gaur 14.1 Introduction 316 14.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterials 318 14.3 Electrocatalytic Reactions Enabled by 2D Nanomaterials 320 14.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives 325 14.5 Conclusion 327 15 Engineering 2D Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications 333 Swaati Sharma, Hardeep Kaur, Mansi Thakur and Shinar Athwal 15.1 Introduction 334 15.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 337 15.3 Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment 338 15.4 Difference of 2D Materials from Bulk Materials 339 15.5 2DNMS for Next-Generation Quantum and Electronic Devices 352 15.6 Functionalized Hybridization of 2D Nanomaterials 352 16 The Potential Applications of 2D Nanomaterials for Water Purification 361 Hardeep Kaur, Swaati Sharma, Shinar Athwal, Mansi Thakur, Meenakshi Verma and Vishal Mutreja 16.1 Introduction 362 16.2 Contaminants Present in Water 363 16.3 2D Nanomaterial-Based Water Purification Membranes 364 16.4 Solar Desalination Membrane 365 16.5 Filtration Membrane 367 16.6 Properties of Widely Used 2DM for Water Purification 369 16.7 Synthesis of 2DM 376 16.8 Adsorption of Contaminants From Water 382 16.9 Photocatalytic Purification of Water 387 16.10 Conclusion and Future Prospects 389 17 Insights into the Exciton Dynamics of Functionalized 2D Nanomaterials for Robust Photoelectrochemical Sensing Applications 397 Dipyaman Mohanta, Koushik Barman, Abhinandan Mahanta, Bishal Bhuyan and Arpita Paul Chowdhury 17.1 Introduction 398 17.2 Basic Theory and Working Principle of Photoelectrochemical Sensing 400 17.3 Experimental Setup of Photoelectrochemical Cell 401 17.4 Importance of Photoactive Material in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 402 17.5 2D Nanomaterials in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 403 17.6 Current Challenges and Future Prospects 407 17.7 Conclusion 408 18 Fabrication of 2D Nanomaterials-Based Biosensor 415 Arpita Paul Chowdhury, M. Dinamani and K. S. Anantharaju 18.1 Introduction 415 18.2 2D Nanomaterial Synthesis Strategies 417 18.3 Role of 2D Materials in Biosensor 418 18.4 Conclusions and Future Prospective 426 19 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD)-Based 2D Nanomaterials for Various Kinds of Rechargeable Batteries 435 Periyakaruppan Karuppasamy and Varatharaj Rajapanian 19.1 Introduction 436 19.2 Synthesis of 2D-TMDCs 440 19.3 Applications of 2D-Transition Metal Di-Chalcogenides (2D-TMDCs) in Various Categories of Rechargeable Batteries 443 19.4 Conclusion 461 20 Effect of 2D Nanomaterial Addition to Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine 475 Geetesh Goga and M. V. B. Unnamatla 20.1 Introduction 476 20.2 Performance Characteristics 477 20.3 Emission Characteristics 481 20.4 Conclusion 484 References 485 Index 489
Subhendu Chakroborty, Ph.D., received his doctorate in chemistry from Ravenshaw University, India. He is a professor at the School of Applied Sciences, Chandigarh University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. His research interests include the synthesis of perovskite and 2D nanomaterials for applications in biomedicine, sensors, biomaterials, etc. He has produced more than 40 scientific publications in materials science and medicinal chemistry. Kaushik Pal, Ph.D., received his doctorate in physics from the University of Kalyani, India. He is an associate professor at the University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, India. His current research focuses on nanofabrication, renewable energy materials, green chemistry, etc. He has contributed innovative discoveries and smart teaching cultivated at top-tier institutions.
