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The architect of the Peace Corps and the War on Poverty, Robert Sargent Shriver Jr. was born on November 9, 1915 in Westminster, Maryland. He attended Yale University from 1934 to 1941, earning a Bachelor of Arts and a law degree. He enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1940, reporting for duty after his graduation from law school. Shriver spent five years in active service in the Pacific during World War II, earning a Purple Heart for wounds he received in the Battle of Guadalcanal.Shriver moved to Chicago in 1946 to manage the Merchandise Mart, which was the world's largest commercial property at the time. Seven years later, he married Eunice Kennedy, sister of John F. Kennedy. In the 1950s, Shriver headed the boards of Chicago Public School Boards and the Catholic Interracial Council, championing numerous educational reforms and spearheading the integration of Catholic high schools and other local institutions. In 1960, Shriver led the civil-rights division of John F. Kennedy's presidential campaign. After Kennedy's election, the president asked Shriver to design and lead the Peace Corps. Shriver served as its Director from 1961-1966.In 1964, President Johnson tapped Shriver to lead ""an unconditional war on poverty in America,"" in addition to managing the Peace Corps. As the architect of the Office of Economic Opportunity, Shriver developed a series of community-centric programs, including Head Start, Community Action, Job Corps, Legal Services, Upward Bound, Neighborhood Health Centers, Foster Grandparents, and Work-Study, that continue to serve people today.Shriver was US Ambassador to France from 1968 to 1970, then joined the law firm of Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver, & Jacobson. He was very active in the Democratic party during this time. George McGovern chose him as his vice-presidential running mate in the election of 1972, and he himself was a candidate for president in the 1976 Democratic primary. Shriver subsequently worked to ease inter-religious tensions in the Middle East and to de-escalate the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union, championing America's No First Strike policy.From 1984 to 2003, Shriver joined his wife, Eunice, at Special Olympics, and helped expand the organization into Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Asia-Pacific, including China.Despite an Alzheimer's diagnosis in 2003, Shriver remained active well into the 2000s, speaking regularly at public events. He died on January 18, 2011 at the age of 95.
""In these perilous times for democracy, I find myself seeking the wisdom of Sargent Shriver more and more. This vivid biography shows that the guiding principles of compassion and human dignity, and the expansion of America's moral imagination, are the only ways we can survive as a nation. Shriver, one of this country's greatest public servants, set the standard for all of us."" - Gavin Newsom, 40th Governor of California""Poverty is a moral failure that erodes the foundations of democracy; yet-as Sargent Shriver understood-we can be redeemed through intention and action. We Called It a War is essential reading for anyone committed to the challenge of proving democracy can deliver, especially today."" - Stacey Abrams, civic strategist; founder, Fair Fight""With this sparkling and revelatory new book, we are lucky to hear the renewed voice and wisdom of this important and beloved American political leader and humanist. Sargent Shriver played a crucial role in creating America's mid-twentieth-century movement to bring compassion and justice to our most disadvantaged citizens. In this very different political time, I wish we had this warm, decent, righteous and unconquerable man back among us. This memoir reminds us how much we owe him."" - Michael Beschloss, presidential historian""We Called It A War vividly recounts Sargent Shriver's foundational efforts to imagine and then create programs that powered a new social mobility escalator for millions of people, including me. Being in the inaugural class of Head Start put me on a path to learning, to the world outside of my environment, and to thinking creatively about what my life might be. Shriver's retelling of his life's work fighting poverty and inequality could not be more timely and has profound lessons for our democracy at this moment. To secure lasting, measurable gains for our most vulnerable young people, and build a fairer and more just society, we must continue Shriver's work, investing in poor students-early, often, and throughout their entire lives."" - Darren Walker, 10th president of the Ford Foundation; Head Start graduate
