Volume 19, Tome VI

Emil Aarestrup (1800 – 1856) – Danish poet Abelard (1079 – 1142) – French philosopher and theologian Abraham – Biblical figure (Old Testament) Abraham a St. Clara (1644-1709) – Austrian religious writer Adam and Eve – Biblical figures (Old Testament) Adolph Peter Adler (1812 – 1869) – Danish philosopher and theologian Theodor W. Adorno (1903 – 1969) – German philosopher Endre Ady (1877-1919) – Hungarian poet Aeschylus (c. 525/524 BC – c. 456/455 BC) – Greek playwright Sylviane Agacinski (1945 – ) – French philosopher Giorgio Agamben (1942 – ) – Italian philosopher Agamemnon – literary figure (Greek mythology) Agnes (and the Merman) – literary figures (Danish mythology) Lars Ahlin (1915 –1997) – Swedish writer Aladdin – literary figure (Middle Eastern folk tale) Woody Allen (1935 - ) – American film director C.J.L. Almqvist (1793 - 1866) – Swedish poet Amor – literary figure (Roman mythology) Alfred Andersch (1914 – 1980) – German writer Hans Christian Andersen (1805 – 1875) – Danish poet and writer Sherwood Anderson (1876 – 1941) – American writer Johannes Anker Larsen (1874 – 1957) – Danish writer Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033 – 1109) – Christian philosopher and theologian Antigone – literary figure (Greek mythology) Apuleius (c. 125 – c. 180 AD) – Roman writer Aquinas (1225 – 1274) – Italian philosopher and theologian José Luís López Aranguren (1909 – 1996) – Spanish philosopher and writer Hannah Arendt (1906 – 1975) – German American political theorist Ariadne – literary figure (Greek mythology) Mori Arimasa (1911 – 1976) – Japanese philosopher and writer Aristophanes (c. 446 BC – c. 386 BC) – Greek playwright Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) – Greek philosopher Johann Arndt (1555 – 1621) – German theologian Sivar Arnér (1909 – 1997) – Swedish writer and playwright Achim von Arnim (1781 – 1831) – German poet Antonin Artaud (1896 – 1948) – French dramatist and poet Athanasius of Alexandria (c. 295 – 373) – Egyptian Christian theologian Attar of Nishapur (c. 1145 – c. 1221) – Persian poet W.H. Auden (1907 – 1973) – Anglo-American poet Augustine of Hippo (354 – 430) – Christian philosopher and theologian Paul Auster (1947 – ) – American author Franz von Baader (1765 – 1841) – German philosopher Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 – 1750) – German composer Alain Badiou (1937 – ) – French philosopher Jens Baggesen (1764 – 1826) – Danish poet Mikhail Bakhtin (1895 – 1975) – Russian writer and critic James Baldwin (1924 – 1987) – American writer and poet Nicolai Edinger Balle (1744 – 1816) – Danish bishop Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905 – 1988) – Swiss theologian Samuel Barber (1910 – 1981) – American composer Július Barč-Ivan (1909 – 1953) – Slovak dramatist and writer Heinrich Barth (1890(1886-05-10) – 1965(1968-12-10)) – Swiss philosopher Karl Barth (1886(1886-05-10) – 1968(1968-12-10)) – Swiss theologian Donald Barthelme (1931 – 1989) – American author Roland Barthes (1915 – 1980) – French philosopher Czesław Bartnik (1929 – ) – Polish philosopher and theologian Georges Bataille (1897 – 1962) – French philosopher Christine Battersby (1946 – ) – English feminist thinker Charles Baudelaire (1821 – 1867) – French poet Jean Baudrillard (1929 – 2007) – French philosopher Bruno Bauer (1809 – 82) – German philosopher Zygmunt Bauman (1925 – ) – Polish sociologist Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714 – 1762) – German philosopher F.C. Baur (1792 – 1860) – German theologian Karl Bayer (1806 – 1883) – German philosopher Pierre Bayle (1647 – 1706) – French philosopher Marie Beaumarchais – literary figure (Goethe’s Clavigo) Simone de Beauvoir (1908 – 1986) – French philosopher Andreas Frederik Beck (1816 – 1861) – Danish journalist Vilhelm Beck (1829 – 1901) – Danish religious author Ernest Becker (1924 – 1974) – American anthropologist Samuel Beckett (1906 – 1989) – Irish playwright and writer Saul Bellow (1915 – 2005) – American writer Carmelo Bene (1937 – 2002) – Italian author and actor Victoria Benedictsson (1850 – 1888) – Swedish writer Walter Benjamin (1892 – 1940) – German-Jewish philosopher Nicholas Berdyaev (1874 – 1948) – Russian philosopher Ingmar Bergman (1918 – 2007) – Swedish film director and writer Henri Bergson (1859 – 1941) – French philosopher Guðbergur Bergsson (1932 – ) – Icelandic writer Hector Berlioz (1803 – 1869) – French composer Georges Bernanos (1888 – 1948) – French writer Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 – 1153) – French religious writer Adam Bernd (1676 – 1748) – German theologian Carl Bernhard (1798 – 1865) – Danish writer Thomas Bernhard (1931 – 1989) – Austrian author and playwright Rachel Bespaloff (1895 – 1949) – Ukranian born, Jewish writer Bhaktivinoda Thakur (1838 – 1914) – Indian philosopher and religious thinker Ludwig Binswanger (1881 – 1966) – Swiss psychiatrist Wilfred Bion (1897 – 1979) – British psychoanalyst Eugen Biser (1918 – ) – German theologian Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1832 – 1910) – Norwegian writer Lucian Blaga (1895 – 1961) – Romanian philosopher William Blake (1757 – 1827) – English poet and painter Maurice Blanchot (1907 – 2003) – French philosopher Brand Blanshard (1892 – 1987) – American philosopher Max Blecher (1909 – 1938) – Romanian writer Franz Blei (1871 – 1942) – Austrian writer Steen Steensen Blicher (1782 – 1848) – Danish author Karen Blixen (1885 –1962) – Danish writer Ernst Bloch (1885 – 1977) – German philosopher Alexander Blok (1880 – 1921) – Russian poet Maurice Blondel (1861 – 1949) - French philosopher Harold Bloom (1930 – ) – American writer and critic Ludovicus Blosius (1506 – 1566) – Flemish religious writer Léon Bloy (1846 – 1917) – French writer and poet Bluebeard – literary figure (French folk tale) Christoph Friedrich Blumhardt (1842 – 1919) – German theologian Emil Boesen (1812 – 1881) – Danish pastor Boethius (c. 480 – c. 524) – Christian philosopher Torsten Bohlin (1889 – 1950) – Swedish theologian Jacob Böhme (1575 – 1624) – German mystic Niels Bohr (1885 – 1962) – Danish physicist François-Adrien Boieldieu (1775 – 1834) – French composer Heinrich Böll (1917 – 1985) – German writer Bernard Bolzano (1781 – 1848) – Bohemian philosopher and theologian Bonaventure (1221 – 1274) – Italian theologian and philosopher Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906 – 1945) – German theologian Yves Bonnefoy (1923 – ) – French poet and literary critic Jorge Luis Borges (1899 – 1986) – Argentine writer Louise Bouchard (1949 – ) – Canadian poet and writer August Bournonville (1805 – 1879) – Danish ballet master and choreographer O.K. Bouwsma (1898 – 1978) – American philosopher Georg Brandes (1842 – 1927) – Danish critic Berthold Brecht (1898 – 1956) – German playwright and poet Fredrika Bremer (1801 – 1865) – Swedish writer Clemens Brentano (1778 – 1842) – German poet and novelist Robert Bresson (1901 – 1999) – French film director K.G. Bretschneider (1776 – 1848) – German theologian Otokar Březina (1868 – 1929) – Czech poet and writer Hermann Broch (1886 – 1951) – Austrian writer Hans Brøchner (1820 – 1875) – Danish philosopher Max Brod (1884 – 1968) – Jewish writer Joseph Brodsky (1940 – 1996) - Russian and American poet and essayist Suzanne Brøgger (1944 –) – Danish writer Viggo Brøndal (1887 – 1942) – Danish linguist Cleanth Brooks (1906 – 1994) – American literary critic Hans Adolph Brorson (1694 – 1764) – Danish religious writer Robert Browning (1812 – 1889) – English poet and playwright Emil Brunner (1889 – 1966) – Swiss theologian Giordano Bruno (1548 – 1600) – Italian philosopher and astronomer Martin Buber (1878 – 1965) – Jewish philosopher Georg Büchner (1813 – 1837) – German dramatist and writer Charles Bukowski (1920 – 1994) – American poet and writer Rudolf Bultmann (1884(1886-05-10) – 1976(1968-12-10)) – German theologian John Bunyan (1628 – 1688) – English writer Kenneth Burke (1897 – 1993) – American literary theorist and philosopher Judith Butler (1956 – ) – American philosopher Lord George Gordon Byron (1788 – 1824) – British poet John Calvin (1509 – 1564) – French theologian Albert Camus (1913 – 1960) – French philosopher and writer Elias Canetti (1905 –1994) – Bulgarian born author Captain Scipio – literary figure (Jules Henri Verony de Saint-Georges’s Ludovic) John D. Caputo (1940 –) – American philosopher and theologian Thomas Carlyle (1795 – 1881) – Scottish writer Edward John Carnell (1919 – 1967) – American theologian Giacomo Casanova (1725 – 1798) – Italian author Ernst Cassirer (1874 – 1945) – German philosopher Leonardo Castellani (1899 – 1981) – Argentine writer and theologian Willa Cather (1873 – 1947) – American author Cato Uticensis (95 – 46 BC) – Roman politician and philosopher Stanley Cavell (1926 – ) – American philosopher Louis-Ferdinand Céline (1894 – 1961) – French writer Miguel de Cervantes (1547 – 1616) – Spanish writer Aimé Fernand David Césaire (1913 – 2008) – French poet Charlie Chaplin (1889 – 1977) – English actor François-René de Chateaubriand (1768 – 1848) – French writer Anton Chekhov (1860 – 1904) – Russian dramatist and author Chrysostom (c. 347 – 407) – Greek Christian theologian Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC) – Roman philosopher Emil Cioran (1911 – 1995) – Romanian philosoher and essayist Henrik Nicolai Clausen (1793 – 1877) – Danish theologian and politician Clavigo – literary figure (Goethe’s Clavigo) Arthur Hugh Clough (1819 – 1861) – English poet Paulo Coelho (1947 – ) – Brazilian writer Hermann Cohen (1842 – 1918) - German-Jewish philosopher André Comte-Sponville (1952 –) – French philosopher Confucius (551 – 479 BC) – Chinese philosopher and politician Joseph Conrad (1857 – 1924) – Polish-English writer Benjamin Constant (1767 – 1830) – Swiss-French writer and politician Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 – 1543) – Polish astronomer Harvey Gallagher Cox, Jr. (1929 – ) – American theologian Benedetto Croce (1866 – 1952) – Italian philosopher Don Cupitt (1934 – ) – English philosopher Cyprian of Carthage (d. 258) – Christian theologian Ernesto Dalgas (1871 – 1899) – Danish writer Dante (1265 – 1321) – Italian writer Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) – British scientist Carl Daub (1765 – 1836) – German theologian David – Biblical figure (Old Testament) Günther Carl Dehn (1882 – 1970) – German theologian Gilles Deleuze (1925 – 1995) – French philosopher Don DeLillo (1936 – ) – American writer and playwright Paul De Man (1919 – 83) – Belgian-American philosopher Thomas De Quincey (1785 – 1859) – British author Ludwig Derleth (1870 – 1948) – German writer and theologian Jacques Derrida (1930 – 2004) – French philosopher René Descartes (1596 – 1650) – French philosopher Anne Desclos (1907 – 1998) – French writer Desdemona – literary figure (Shakespeare’s Othello) John Dewey (1859 – 1952) – American philosopher Emily Dickinson (1830 – 1886) – American poet Denis Diderot (1713 – 1784) – French philosopher and writer Hermann Diem (1900 – 1975) – German theologian Wilhelm Dilthey (1833 – 1911) – German philosopher Diogenes Laertius (c. 3rd century AD) – Greek writer Diotima of Mantinea (5th century BC) – Greek philosopher Alfred Döblin (1878 – 1957) – German writer Dōgen (1200 – 1253) – Japanese religious thinker and philosopher Don Juan/Don Giovanni – literary figure (Mozart’s Don Giovanni) Don Quixote – literary figure (Cervantes’ Don Quixote) Yoon Dong-ju (1917 – 1945) – Korean poet Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821 – 1881) – Russian writer Eugen Drewermann (1940 – ) – German theologian Carl Theodor Dreyer (1889 – 1968) – Danish film director Hubert Dreyfus (1929 – ) – American philosopher Marguerite Duras (1914 – 1996) – French writer Emil Durkheim (1858 – 1917) – French sociologist Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921 – 1990) – Swiss author and playwright Gerhard Ebeling (1912 – 2001) – German theologian Ebenezer Scrooge – literary figure (Dickens’ A Christmas Carol) Ferdinand Ebner (1882 – 1931) – Austrian philosopher Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (1783 – 1853) – Danish painter Meister Eckhart (c. 1260 – c. 1327) – German theologian and mystic Jonathan Edwards (1703 – 1758) – American theologian Paul Edwards (1923 – 2004) – Austrian-American philosopher Dave Eggers (1970 – ) – American writer Albert Ehrenstein (1886 –1950) – Austrian poet Albert Ehrhard (1862 – 1940) – German theologian Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (1788 – 1857) – German poet Magnús Eiríksson (1806 – 1881) – Icelandic theologian Werner Elert (1885 – 1954) – German theologian Mircea Eliade (1907 – 1986) – Romanian historian of religion George Eliot (1819 – 1880) – English author Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888 – 1965) – British poet and playwright Jacques Ellul (1912 – 1994) – French philosopher Elvira – literary figure (Mozart’s Don Giovanni) Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 – 1882) – American writer and poet Shūsaku Endō (1923 – 1996) – Japanese writer Friedrich Engels (1820 – 1895) – German philosopher Erasmus Montanus – literary figure (Holberg’s Erasmus Montanus) Erasmus of Rotterdam (1465 – 1536) – Dutch philosopher and theologian Johann Eduard Erdmann (1805 – 1892) – German philosopher and theologian Louise Erdrich (1954 – ) – American writer and poet Erik Erikson (1902 – 1994) – German-American psychologist Joan Estelrich (1896 – 1958) – Spanish writer Péter Esterházy (1950 – ) – Hungarian writer Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846 – 1926) – German philosopher Euripides (c. 480 – 406 BC) – Greek playwright Johannes Ewald (1743 – 1781) – Danish poet Cornelio Fabro (1911 – 1995) – Italian philosopher Emil Fackenheim (1916 – 2003) – Jewish philosopher Farinelli (1705 – 1782) – Italian singer William Faulkner (1897 – 1962) – American writer Faust – literary figure (German folk tale, Goethe, Thomas Mann) François Fénelon (1651 – 1715) – French theologian Feng Youlan (1895 – 1990) – Chinese philosopher Luc Ferry (1951 – ) – French philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach (1804 – 1872) – German philosopher Paul Feyerabend (1924 – 1994) – Austrian philosopher Ilia Fibiger (1817 – 1867) – Danish author Mathilde Fibiger (1830 – 1872) – Danish author I.H. Fichte (1797 – 1879) – German theologian and philosopher J.G. Fichte (1762 – 1814) – German philosopher Figaro – literary figure (Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro) Leopold Flam (1912 – 1995) – Belgian philosopher Benjamin Fondane (1898 – 1944) – Romanian-French poet and philosopher Theodor Fontane (1819 – 1898) – German novelist and poet Michel Foucault (1926 – 1984) – French philosopher Francis of Assisi (1181/1182 – 1226) – Italian mystic and preacher August Hermann Francke (1663 – 1727) – German theologian Semyon Frank (1877 – 1950) – Russian philosopher Harry Frankfurt (1929 – ) – American philosopher Viktor Frankl (1905 – 1997) – Austrian psychiatrist Paulo Freire (1921 – 1997) – Brazilian educator Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939) – Austrian neurologist Max Frisch (1911 – 1991) – Swiss author and playwright Gustaf Fröding (1860 – 1911) – Swedish poet and writer Erich Fromm (1900 – 1980) – German-American psychologist Ernst Fuchs (1903 – 1983) – German theologian Carlos Fuentes (1928 – ) – Mexican writer Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900 – 2002) – German philosopher William Gaddis (1922 – 1998) – American writer Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948) – Indian activist and author Arne Garborg (1851 – 1924) – Norwegian writer Arnold Gehlen (1904 – 1976) – German philosopher Erik Gustaf Geijer (1783 – 1847) – Swedish writer and philosopher Eduard Geismar (1871 – 1939) – Danish theologian and philosopher Giovanni Gentile (1875 – 1944) – Italian philosopher Anthony Giddens (1938 – ) – British sociologist Étienne Gilson (1884 – 1978) – French philosopher Jens Finsteen Giødwad (1811 – 1891) – Danish journalist René Girard (1923 – 2015) – French philosopher and critic Heiner Goebbels (1952 – ) – German composer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 – 1832) – German writer Friedrich Gogarten (1887 – 1967) – German theologian Vincent van Gogh (1853 – 1890) – Dutch painter Nikolai Gogol (1809 – 1852) – Russian dramatist and writer William Golding (1911 – 1993) – British writer and playwright Meïr Goldschmidt (1819 – 1887) – Danish editor and author Witold Gombrowicz (1904 – 1969) – Polish writer and dramatist Christian Dietrich Grabbe (1801 – 1836) – German dramatist Julien Green (1900 – 1998) – American writer Graham Greene (1904 – 1991) – British author and critic Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335 – after 394) – Greek Christian theologian Stanley J. Grenz (1950 – 2005) – American theologian Herbert Paul Grice (1913 – 1988) – British philosopher Edvard Grieg (1843 – 1907) – Norwegian composer Nicolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig (1783 – 1872) – Danish poet and theologian Andreas Gryphius (1616 – 1664) – German poet and dramatist Romano Guardini (1885 – 1968) – German theologian and philosopher João Guimarães Rosa (1908 – 1967) – Brazilian writer Gulliver – literary figure (Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels) Anton Günther (1783 – 1863) – Austrian theologian Thomasine Gyllembourg (1773 – 1856) – Danish author Lars Gyllensten (1921 – 2006) – Swedish writer Jürgen Habermas (1929 – ) – German philosopher Pierre Hadot (1922 – 2010) – French philosopher Theodor Haecker (1879 – 1945) – German writer and critic Dalimír Hajko (1944 – ) – Slovak philosopher Hakuin Ekaku (1686 – 1768) – Japanese Buddhist thinker Bent Haller (1946 – ) – Danish writer Ole Hallesby (1879 – 1961) – Norwegian theologian Johann Georg Hamann (1730 – 1788) – German philosopher Hamlet – literary figure (Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark) Béla Hamvas (1897 – 1968) – Hungarian writer and philosopher Peter Handke (1942 – ) – Austrian writer and dramatist Martin A. Hansen (1909 – 1955) – Danish writer Peter Härtling (1935 –) – German writer and poet Charles Hartshorne (1897 – 2000) – American philosopher Carsten Hauch (1790 – 1872) – Danish poet and dramatist Stanley Hauerwas (1940 –) – American theologian Václav Havel (1936 – 2011) – Czech playwright and politician Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 – 64) – American writer Anne Hébert (1916 – 2000) – Canadian writer and poet Ingemar Hedenius (1908 – 82) – Swedish philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770 – 1831) – German philosopher Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1791 – 1860) – Danish playwright and philosopher Johanne Luise Heiberg (1812 – 1890) – Danish actress Martin Heidegger (1889 – 1976) – German philosopher Heinrich Heine (1797 – 1856) – German poet Joseph Heller (1923 – 1999) – American writer Hans Frederik Helveg (1816 – 1901) – Danish pastor and theologian Ernest Hemingway (1899 – 1961) – American writer Dieter Henrich (1927 – ) – German philosopher Michel Henry (1922 – 2002) – French philosopher Heraclitus (c. 535 – c. 475 BC) – Greek philosopher Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776 – 1841) – German philosopher and psychologist Johann Gottfried Herder (1744 – 1803) – German theologian and philosopher Herodotus (c. 484 BC – c. 425 BC) – Greek historian Alexander Herzen (1812 – 1870) – Russian writer Abraham Joshua Heschel (1907 – 1972) – Jewish theologian and philosopher Hesiod – Greek poet Moses Hess (1812 – 1875) – German-Jewish philosopher and writer Hermann Hesse (1877 – 1962) – German-Swiss poet and novelist John Hick (1922 –) – British philosopher Etty Hillesum (1914 – 1943) – Dutch-Jewish author Hippocrates (c. 460 – c. 370 BC) – Greek physician Emanuel Hirsch (1888 – 1972) – German theologian Shin'ichi Hisamatsu (1889 – 1980) – Japanese philosopher and religious thinker Louis Hjelmslev (1899 – 1965) – Danish linguist Harald Høffding (1843 – 1931) – Danish philosopher E.T.A. Hoffmann (1776 – 1822) – German writer Gunvor Hofmo (1921 – 1995) – Norwegian writer James Hogg (1770 – 1835) – Scottish poet and writer Ludvig Holberg (1684 – 1754) – Norwegian-Danish writer Friedrich Hölderlin (1770 – 1843) – German poet Holger the Dane – literary figure (medieval folklore) Homer – Greek poet Hōnen (1133 – 1212) – Japanese religious thinker Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844 – 89) – English poet Horace (65 – 8 BC) – Roman poet Heinrich Gustav Hotho (1802 – 1873) – German historian of art Frantz Gotthard Howitz (1789 – 1826) – Danish doctor Friedrich von Hügel (1852 – 1925) – Austrian theologian Victor Hugo (1802 – 1885) – French poet and writer Huineng (638 – 713) – Chinese religious leader David Hume (1711–76) – Scottish philosopher Edmund Husserl (1859 – 1938) – German philosopher Aldous Huxley (1894 – 1963) – English writer