Glenn L. Schattman, MD, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Sandro C. Esteves, MD, PhD, ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil Ashok Agarwal, PhD, HCLD (ABB), ELD (ACE), Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Andrology Center and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA