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Unearthing Fluctuating Wealth Inequality

Household Disparities at Jōmon and Yayoi Sites in Southern Kantō, Japan

Yoko Nishimura (Gettysburg College, Pennsylvania)

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English
Cambridge University Press
23 April 2026
This Element examines how archaeology can contribute to the investigation of ancient wealth disparities, using the Jōmon and Yayoi periods in Japan as a case study. It analyzes 1,150 pit dwellings from 29 archaeological sites in southern Kantō, dating from the Late Jōmon to the end of the Yayoi period (ca. 2540 BC–AD 250). Household wealth is estimated through pit dwelling floor area, with Gini coefficients calculated for each site. Results show relatively low inequality in the Late Jōmon, a slight decline in the Middle Yayoi, and a marked rise in the Late Yayoi period. Notably, average floor area decreased in the Late Yayoi period. These patterns raise broader questions about how wealth disparities were shaped by communal norms, settlement organization, the rise of agriculture, and expanding trade networks involving iron tools. This research underscores archaeology's unique ability to illuminate long-term economic transformations.
By:  
Imprint:   Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication:   United Kingdom
Weight:   111g
ISBN:   9781009406925
ISBN 10:   1009406922
Series:   Elements in Ancient East Asia
Pages:   66
Publication Date:  
Audience:   General/trade ,  ELT Advanced
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active

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