Transparency and Self-Knowledge

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Alex Byrne (Professor of Philosophy, Professor of Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Transparency and Self-Knowledge

Alex Byrne (Professor of Philosophy, Professor of Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

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English

Oxford University Press
15 September 2022

Philosophy: epistemology & theory of knowledge; Philosophy of mind

Alex Byrne sets out and defends a theory of self-knowledge-knowledge of one's mental states. Inspired by Gareth Evans' discussion of self-knowledge in his The Varieties of Reference, the basic idea is that one comes to know that one is in a mental state M by an inference from a worldly or environmental premise to the conclusion that one is in M. (Typically the worldly premise will not be about anything mental.) The mind, on this account, is 'transparent': self-knowledge is achieved by an 'outward glance' at the corresponding tract of the world, not by an 'inward glance' at one's own mind. Belief is the clearest case, with the inference being from 'p' to 'I believe that p'. One serious problem with this idea is that the inference seems terrible, because 'p' is at best very weak evidence that one believes that p. Another is that the idea seems not to generalize. For example, what is the worldly premise corresponding to 'I intend to do this', or 'I feel a pain'? Byrne argues that both problems can be solved, and explains how the account covers perception, sensation, desire, intention, emotion, memory, imagination, and thought. The result is a unified theory of self-knowledge that explains the epistemic security of beliefs about one's mental states (privileged access), as well as the fact that one has a special first-person way of knowing about one's mental states (peculiar access).

By: Alex Byrne (Professor of Philosophy Professor of Philosophy Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Imprint: Oxford University Press
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Dimensions: Height: 233mm, Width: 156mm, Spine: 13mm
Weight: 370g
ISBN: 9780192868992
ISBN 10: 0192868993
Pages: 240
Publication Date: 15 September 2022
Audience: College/higher education , A / AS level
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active

1: Problems of Self-Knowledge 2: Inner Sense 3: Some Recent Approaches 4: The Puzzle of Transparency 5: Belief 6: Perception and Sensation 7: Desire, Intention, and Emotion 8: Memory, Imagination, and Thought

Alex Byrne is chair of the philosophy section at MIT. His main interests are philosophy of mind (especially perception and consciousness), epistemology (especially self-knowledge), metaphysics (especially color), and problems concerning sex and gender. He has written a number of papers on color with David Hilbert of the University of Illinois at Chicago; they also edited the two-volume collection Readings on Color for MIT Press. He recently co-edited The Norton Introduction to Philosophy, now on its second edition.

Reviews for Transparency and Self-Knowledge

Byrne glides easily through the historical and contemporary literature on self-knowledge, and he culminates in an account of self-knowledge that is uniformly detectivist, inferential, and economical, and the direction of inference is always from world to mind (from the preview). The bibliography is impressive. Summing up: Highly recommended * CHOICE *