Timber Construction Manual

PREFACE xi 1 TIMBER CONSTRUCTION 1 1.1 Introduction / 1 1.2 Materials / 1 1.3 Structural Systems / 13 1.4 Economy / 27 1.5 Permanence / 32 1.6 Seasoning / 37 1.7 Handling, Storage, and Erection / 38 1.8 Conclusion / 40 2 WOOD PROPERTIES 42 2.1 Introduction / 42 2.2 Specific Gravity and Specific Weight of Commercial Lumber Species / 46 2.3 Dimensional Changes Due to Moisture and Temperature / 50 2.4 Thermal Insulating Properties / 53 2.5 Wood in Chemical Environments / 54 2.6 Acoustical Properties / 55 2.7 Electrical Properties / 55 2.8 Coefficient of Friction / 56 2.9 Conclusion / 56 3 TIMBER DESIGN 57 3.1 Introduction / 57 3.2 Loads / 58 3.3 Design Values / 73 3.4 Adjustment Factors / 74 3.5 Deflection / 92 3.6 Camber / 95 3.7 Ponding / 98 3.8 Conclusion / 100 4 TIMBER BEAMS 102 4.1 Introduction / 102 4.2 Structural Evaluation of Beams / 102 4.3 Simple Beams / 105 4.4 Continuous Members / 117 4.5 Biaxial Bending (Bending about Both Axes) / 122 4.6 Torsion / 130 4.7 Conclusion / 133 5 TIMBER COLUMNS AND TENSION MEMBERS 134 5.1 Introduction / 134 5.2 Column Design Criteria / 134 5.3 Rectangular Columns / 135 5.4 Round Columns / 140 5.5 Tapered Columns / 140 5.6 Spaced Columns / 141 5.7 Built-Up Columns / 144 5.8 Columns with Flanges / 146 5.9 Tension Members / 147 5.10 Conclusion / 148 6 TIMBER BEAM-COLUMNS AND TENSION BEAMS 149 6.1 Introduction / 149 6.2 General Equation for Beam-Columns / 150 6.3 Centric Axial Compression and Side Load Bending about Both Axes / 156 6.4 Centric Axial Compression and Side Load Bending about Strong Axis Only / 161 6.5 Eccentric Axial Compression Only / 165 6.6 Axial Compression Eccentricity in Strong Direction Only / 165 6.7 Columns with Side Brackets / 169 6.8 Combined Axial Tension and Bending / 170 6.9 Conclusion / 173 7 TAPERED BEAMS 174 7.1 Introduction / 174 7.2 Tapered Beam Design / 176 7.3 Beams with Tapered End Cuts / 183 7.4 Conclusion / 188 8 CURVED GLULAM BEAMS 189 8.1 Introduction / 189 8.2 Curved Beams with Constant Depth / 195 8.3 Pitched and Tapered Curved Beams / 200 8.4 Pitched and Tapered Curved Beams with Mechanically Attached Haunch / 223 8.5 Conclusion / 232 9 GLULAM ARCHES 233 9.1 Introduction / 233 9.2 Preliminary Design Procedure / 233 9.3 Conclusion / 249 10 HEAVY TIMBER DECKING 251 10.1 Introduction / 251 10.2 Installation Requirements / 251 10.3 Design Formulas / 255 10.4 Section Properties / 256 10.5 Decking Design Values / 257 10.6 Conclusion / 259 11 CONNECTIONS IN TIMBER STRUCTURES 260 11.1 Introduction / 260 11.2 Connection Detailing Principles / 260 11.3 Types of Fasteners / 264 11.4 Reference Design Values for Fasteners / 272 11.5 Adjustment Factors / 274 11.6 Conclusion / 283 12 MEMBER CAPACITY AT CONNECTIONS 284 12.1 Introduction / 284 12.2 Member Capacity at Connections Loaded Perpendicular-to-Grain / 284 12.3 Member Capacity at Connections Loaded Parallel-to-Grain / 291 12.4 Member Capacity at Connections Loaded at an Angle to Grain / 307 12.5 Conclusion / 308 13 DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS 309 13.1 Introduction / 309 13.2 Dowel-Type Fasteners Loaded Laterally / 309 13.3 Dowel-Type Fasteners Loaded in Withdrawal / 328 13.4 Dowel-Type Fasteners Loaded Laterally and in Withdrawal / 330 13.5 Conclusion / 334 14 SHEAR PLATES AND SPLIT RINGS 335 14.1 Introduction / 335 14.2 Connectors in Side Grain / 336 14.3 Timber Connectors in End Grain / 347 14.4 Conclusion / 352 15 MOMENT SPLICES 353 15.1 Introduction / 353 15.2 Shear Transfer / 355 15.3 Moment Transfer / 355 15.4 Conclusion / 370 16 LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN 371 16.1 Introduction / 371 16.2 Design Values and Adjustment Factors / 372 16.3 Design Checks / 374 16.4 Conclusion / 381 17 TIMBER BRIDGES 382 17.1 Introduction / 382 17.2 Types of Timber Bridges / 383 17.3 Advantages of Glued Laminated Timber / 389 17.4 Preservative Treatments / 390 17.5 Wearing Surfaces / 391 17.6 Guardrails / 392 17.7 Design Methods / 393 17.8 Conclusion / 395 18 LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN 396 18.1 Introduction / 396 18.2 Longitudinal Stringers / 399 18.3 Transverse Glulam Deck Panels / 418 18.4 Longitudinal Deck (with Stiffeners) / 425 18.5 Conclusion / 432 19 ASD BRIDGE DESIGN 433 19.1 Introduction / 433 19.2 Longitudinal Stringers (Girders) / 436 19.3 Interconnected Transverse Deck Panels / 447 19.4 Non-Interconnected Transverse Deck Panels / 447 19.5 Longitudinal Deck (with Stiffeners) / 457 19.6 Static Design of Guardrail System / 463 19.7 Conclusion / 474 20 FIRE SAFETY 475 20.1 Introduction / 475 20.2 Types of Construction / 476 20.3 Lessons from Actual Fires / 476 20.4 Performance of Wood in Fire / 478 20.5 Wood versus Steel / 479 20.6 Heavy Timber Construction / 482 20.7 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction / 483 20.8 Use of Stock Glulam Beams in Fire Rated Construction / 494 20.9 Fire Retardant Treatment / 495 20.10 Conclusion / 495 APPENDIX A DESIGN EXAMPLES 497 Introduction / 498 APPENDIX B REFERENCE INFORMATION 594 B.1 Beam Diagrams and Formulas / 595 B.2 Typical Fastener Dimensions and Yield Strengths / 617 B.3 Structural Glued Laminated Timber Reference Design Values / 623 REFERENCES 630 INDEX 641