David Landes is an economist who has enjoyed a distinguished academic career which includes senior posts at Columbia University and Harvard. He has both written and edited a great deal, and his work has been published in the States and Europe.
Harvard historian Landes argues that world poverty and inequality are not only caused by unequally distributed natural resources, inhospitable climates, lack of investment, imperialism, armed conflict and environmental degradation but also by chance factors, like the invention of spectacles, which doubled the working life of skilled artisans in western Europe in the 17th century, and cultural factors, like the failure of the Chinese to adopt the clock, fundamentally hindering the economic development of the country for centuries. (Kirkus UK)