Donald Alexander Downs is the Alexander Meiklejohn Professor of Political Science, Law, and Journalism at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the Glenn B. and Cleone Orr Hawkins Professor of Political Science at the University. He is also the director and co-founder of the University’s Wisconsin Center for the Study of Liberal Democracy. Chris W. Surprenant is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of New Orleans, where he is the founding director of the Alexis de Tocqueville Project, an interdisciplinary center for research and programming focusing on issues at the intersection of ethics, individual freedom, and the law.