FRANCESCA FREMANTLE received her doctorate from the School of Oriental and African Studies at London University. She is a scholar and translator of Sanskrit and Tibetan works and was a student of Ch gyam Trungpa for many years. CH GYAM TRUNGPA (1939-1987)--meditation master, teacher, and artist--was the founder of Naropa University and Shambhala Training and is the author of several books, including Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism and Meditation in Action.