Dr Sangaralingam Ramesh is Lecturer in Economics at University College London and a Tutor in Political Economy at the University of Oxford. He holds a PhD in Economics from SOAS, University of London, and is a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Dr Ramesh has taught widely across institutions in the UK and internationally, and has published extensively on political economy, innovation, development, and human behaviour. His previous books include China’s Lessons for India, The Rise of Empires, and The Political Economy of Human Behaviour and Economic Development. His interdisciplinary research bridges historical analysis with contemporary global challenges, with a focus on the interaction between political structures, economic institutions, and development outcomes.