Published each year since 1959, The Military Balance is an indispensable reference to the capabilities of armed forces across the globe. It is used by academia, the media, armed forces, the private sector and government. It is an open-source assessment of the military forces and equipment inventories of 171 countries, with accompanying defence economics and procurement data. Alongside detailed country data, The Military Balance assesses important defence issues, by region, as well as key global trends, such as in defence technology and equipment modernisation. This analysis is accompanied by full-colour graphics, including maps and illustrations. With extensive explanatory notes and reference information, The Military Balance is as straightforward to use as it is extensive. The 2022 edition is accompanied by a fullcolour wall chart illustrating security dynamics in the Arctic.
Indexes of Tables, Figures and Maps 4 Editor’s Introduction 5 Part One: Capabilities, Trends and Economics Chapter 1 Domain trends 7 Defence budgets and expenditure 9 Tracked self-propelled artillery: selected current and nextgeneration systems 11 Amphibious ship programmes and capabilities 12 In-service or in-development bomber aircraft 13 Chapter 2 Defence and military analysis 14 Defence intelligence: Maintaining relevance in the open-source era 14 Simulation and defence: Training benefits and trends 18 Military adaptation to climate change: Reducing emissions and maintaining military effectiveness 23 Chapter 3 North America 26 Regional trends in 2021 26 Arms procurements and deliveries 42 United States: defence policy and economics 28 Armed forces data section 45 Canada: defence policy 40 Chapter 4 Europe 64 Regional trends in 2021 64 United Kingdom: defence policy 79 Regional defence policy and economics 66 Arms procurements and deliveries 83 Spain: defence policy and economics 76 Armed forces data section 86 Chapter 5 Russia and Eurasia 164 Regional trends in 2021 164 Arms procurements and deliveries 178 Russia: defence policy and economics 166 Armed forces data section 181 Armenia: defence policy and economics 175 Chapter 6 Asia 218 Regional trends in 2021 218 Arms procurements and deliveries 244 Regional defence policy and economics 220 Armed forces data section 247 China: defence policy and economics 233 Chapter 7 Middle East and North Africa 318 Regional trends in 2021 318 Arms procurements and deliveries 329 Regional defence policy and economics 320 Armed forces data section 332 Israel: defence policy 327 Chapter 8 Latin America and the Caribbean 378 Regional trends in 2021 378 Arms procurements and deliveries 390 Regional defence policy and economics 380 Armed forces data section 392 Colombia: defence policy and economics 387 Chapter 9 Sub-Saharan Africa 436 Regional trends in 2021 436 South Africa: defence policy 444 West Africa: defence policy 438 Regional defence economics 445 East Africa: defence policy 440 Arms procurements and deliveries 450 Central and Southern Africa: defence policy 443 Armed forces data section 452 Chapter 10 Military cyber capabilities 507 Part Two Reference Explanatory notes 511 Principal land definitions 515 Principal naval definitions 516 Principal aviation definitions 517 List of abbreviations for data sections 519 International comparisons of defence expenditure and military personnel 521 Index of country/territory abbreviations 527 Index of countries and territories 528
The International Institute for Strategic Studies is an independent centre for research, information and debate on the problems of conflict, however caused, that have, or potentially have, an important military content. The staff of the Institute is international in composition and IISS work is international in its perspective and reach. The Institute is independent and stresses rigorous fact-based research with a forward-looking policy orientation that can improve wider public understanding of international security problems and influence the development of sounder public policy, and more effective business decisions in the international arena.
