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The Hejaz Railway and the Ottoman Empire

Modernity, Industrialisation and Ottoman Decline

Murat OEzyuksel

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Hardback

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English
I.B. Tauris
28 April 2014
Railway expansion was symbolic of modernization in the late 19th century, and Britain, Germany and France built railways at enormous speed and reaped great commercial benefits. In the Middle East, railways were no less important and the Ottoman Empire's Hejaz Railway was the first great industrial project of the 20th century. A route running from Damascus to Mecca, it was longer than the line from Berlin to Baghdad and was designed to function as the artery of the Arab world - linking Constantinople to Arabia. Built by German engineers, and instituted by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the railway was financially crippling for the Ottoman state and the its eventual stoppage 250 miles short of Mecca (the railway ended in Medina) was symbolic of the Ottoman Empire's crumbling economic and diplomatic fortunes. This is the first book in English on the subject, and is essential reading for those interested in Industrial History, Ottoman Studies and the geopolitics of the Middle East before World War I.

By:  
Imprint:   I.B. Tauris
Country of Publication:   United Kingdom
Volume:   v. 39
Dimensions:   Height: 216mm,  Width: 138mm,  Spine: 30mm
Weight:   529g
ISBN:   9781780763644
ISBN 10:   1780763646
Pages:   320
Publication Date:  
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Primary ,  Undergraduate
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I: The Historical Development of Railway Construction in the Ottoman Empire Railway Construction in Rumelia and Anatolia 1) Internal and External Dynamics of Ottoman Railways and the British Lines 2) A Fruitless Effort: State Railways 3) The Anatolian and Baghdad Railways B. Imperialist Dilemmas and Syrian Railways 1) Origins of the French Influence in Syria and the French Railways 2) The Haifa-Damascus Railway and Other British Projects CHAPTER II: Decision to Construct the Hejaz Railway Declaration of the Imperial Firman Concerning the Hejaz Railway and Initial Reactions The Main Factors Behind the Decision to Construct the Hejaz Railway 1) Economic Factors 2) Abdulhamid's Islamist Policy 3) Religious/Political Factors 4) Military/Political Factors C.The Evolution of the Hejaz Railway Project CHAPTER III: Financing the Hejaz Railway The Donation Campaign 1) External Donations a) Donations Collected in India b) Donations Raised in Egypt and Other Islamic Countries 2) Donations Collected in the Ottoman Empire a) People and Institutions that Contributed to the Donation Campaign b) The Organization of the Donation Campaign c) The Role of the Media in the Donation Campaign B.Other Revenues C.Financial Sources Evaluated CHAPTER IV: The Construction of the Hejaz Railway The Hejaz Railway Administration Negotiations with the DHP Company The Launch of the Construction and Recruitment of the Technical Staff Provision of Railway Materials Haifa-Dera Branch Line 1) The Construction of the Line 2) The Economic Dimension of the Haifa Railway 3) Rivalry against DHP Company and the Pro-Hejaz Railway Attitude of Germans F.Inauguration of New Lines (1904-1908) G.Extraordinary Problems 1) Water 2) Fuel 3) Labor a) The Organization of the Railway Battalions b) Benefits Provided to the Workers CHAPTER V: Forces Resisting the Hejaz Railway British Obstruction of the Aqaba Line: The Tabah Crisis 1) Significance of the Aqaba Line 2) Tabah Crisis B. Attempts to Sustain the Hejaz Railway Construction 1) Significance of the Medina-Mecca and Mecca-Jeddah Lines 2) Resistance of the Bedouin 3) Resistance of the Amirs of Mecca C. French Obstruction of the Afula-Jerusalem Line D. Other Unrealized Lines and Some Additions CHAPTER VI :Were the Expectations Fulfilled? MAPS AND DOCUMENTS BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX Administrative Dimension 1) Hejaz Railway Staff 2) Analysis of the Operating Revenues B.Religious/Political Dimension C.Military/Political Dimension 1) Pre-war Period 2) War Period 3) Arab Rebellion and the Hejaz Railway D.Economic Dimensions The Main Factors Behind the Decision to Construct the Hejaz Railway 1) Economic Factors 2) Abdulhamid's Islamist Policy 3) Religious/Political Factors 4) Military/Political Factors B.The Evolution of the Hejaz Railway Project CHAPTER III: Financing the Hejaz Railway The Donation Campaign 1) External Donations a) Donations Collected in India b) Donations Raised in Egypt and Other Islamic Countries 2) Donations Collected in the Ottoman Empire a) People and Institutions that Contributed to the Donation Campaign b) The Organization of the Donation Campaign c) The Role of the Media in the Donation Campaign B.Other Revenues C.Financial Sources Evaluated CHAPTER IV: The Construction of the Hejaz Railway The Hejaz Railway Administration Negotiations with the DHP Company The Launch of the Construction and Recruitment of the Technical Staff Provision of Railway Materials Haifa-Dera Branch Line 1) The Construction of the Line 2) The Economic Dimension of the Haifa Railway 3) Rivalry against DHP Company and the Pro-Hejaz Railway Attitude of Germans F.Inauguration of New Lines (1904-1908) G.E

Murat Ozyuksel is Professor of History and Political Science at Istanbul University, Turkey.

Reviews for The Hejaz Railway and the Ottoman Empire: Modernity, Industrialisation and Ottoman Decline

'In this book, Murat Ozyuksel has analysed the role of the Hejaz Railway, using German and other European sources, but most prominently Ottoman archival materials. While earlier studies of railroads constructed in the sultans' domains often de-emphasized the Ottoman perspective, this study makes a novel contribution: reviewing the troubled history of the Hejaz Railroad, the author focuses on the political and military aims of Sultan Abdulhamid II, who pushed the project through in spite of the limited financial and economic benefits to be expected from the Hejaz line. Murat Ozyuksel's careful analysis of the sultan-caliph's projects and the impossibilities that often prevented their implementation makes his book a notable contribution to the growing number of historical studies concerning the Ottoman Empire during its final decades.' Surai ya Faroqhi , Professor of History, Istanbul Bilgi University. 'In this splendid study, Murat Ozyuksel places the history of the Hejaz Railroad, an effort by the Ottoman sultan to modernize and unify his empire, in the broader context of international history as well as the struggles among Muslim peoples of the Ottoman realm. This ambitious project ultimately failed, not because of Ottoman financial weakness, but because of Arab resistance and British and French opposition to extend the iron road of Ottoman power into the reaches of the Middle East. With a firm base in the Ottoman archives, and his deep knowledge of railroad construction, social, and political history, Ozyuksel demonstrates that however sick Europeans may have imagined the Ottoman Empire, its rulers were determined to survive in a hostile world.' Ronald Grigor Suny Charles Tilly Collegiate Professor of Social and Political History, The University of Michigan.


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