Erwin van Veen is Senior Research Fellow at Clingendael’s Conflict Research Unit, The Netherlands. He leads its Middle East research program that helps mitigate violent conflict by providing high-quality and insightful strategic advice. His direct area of expertise is the relationships between political order, protest and violence in countries like Iraq, Israel/Palestine, Syria and Turkey. He is Author of the book ‘Armed organizations and political elites in civil wars: Pathways to power in Syria and Iraq’ (Routledge, 2024).