Norman Markel received his PhD in psychology at the University of Chicago. He is currently Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida where he taught in the departments of communication, linguistics, anthropology, and psychology. His two previous books are Semiotic Psychology: Speech as an Index of Attitudes and Emotions (1998) and Psycholinguistics: An Introduction to Speech and Personality (1969). He has published articles on phonetics, dialects, paralanguage, and nonverbal behavior.