Gabriele Loris Beccaro is associate professor of General Arboriculture at the Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences of the University of Torino (Italy). Alberto Alma is full professor of Entomology at the Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino. Giancarlo Bounous is currently Liaison Leader, Subnetwork on Chestnut, within the framework of the FAO/CIHEAM Inter-regional Cooperative Research Network on Nuts. José Gomes-Laranjo is associate professor of Plant Physiology at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal).