The Art of Trafficking: How Politics Shape Narco-Strategies and Violence in Central America

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Laura R. Blume (Assistant Professor of Political Science, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Nevada, Reno)

The Art of Trafficking

How Politics Shape Narco-Strategies and Violence in Central America

Laura R. Blume (Assistant Professor of Political Science, Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Nevada, Reno)

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English

Oxford University Press Inc
15 December 2025

Drugs trade & trafficking; Espionage & secret services; International institutions

How and why do drug traffickers adapt their operational strategies based on political and community dynamics, and, in turn, how do these different narco-strategies impact violence? To address these questions, this book draws on several years of immersive, ethnographic fieldwork in drug trafficking hotspots along the Caribbean coast of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. In addition to extensive use of participant observation methods, the author has conducted 300 informal interviews, more than 75 of which were with participants in the illegal narcotics trade ranging from local marijuana and crack dealers to international cocaine traffickers.

The book presents a theory of how corruption and political competition determine traffickers' main strategies (collusion, cooptation, or evasion) as well as how traffickers may cultivate local community support, especially in their native communities. It then elaborates on how these various narco-strategies and differences in community support influence traffickers use of violence. The author illustrates with ethnographic evidence, as well as original datasets on massacres and violence against public figures, how cooptation strategies in Honduras and evasion strategies in Costa Rica both increase the risk of violence, especially when there is zero-sum criminal competition, yet with significant differences in terms of the targets of violence under evasion versus cooptation strategies. In contrast, collusion strategies in Nicaragua eliminate most trafficking-related violence; yet the same authoritarian system that de facto manages the drug trade and reduces narco-violence contributes to violent political repression in Nicaragua. Ultimately, The Art of Trafficking is a powerful condemnation of the U.S.-led War on Drugs and makes a strong case for urgent policy changes, both in the U.S. as well as in Central America.

By: Laura R. Blume (Assistant Professor of Political Science Assistant Professor of Political Science University of Nevada Reno)
Imprint: Oxford University Press Inc
Country of Publication: United States
Dimensions: Height: 235mm, Width: 156mm,
ISBN: 9780197818183
ISBN 10: 0197818188
Pages: 352
Publication Date: 15 December 2025
Audience: Professional and scholarly , Undergraduate
Format: Hardback
Publisher's Status: Forthcoming

to come

Laura Blume is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Nevada, Reno. She was awarded a Distinguished Scholar Award from the Harry Frank Guggenheim foundation in 2022 to support the Violence Against Public Figures project.