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The Arrival of the Fittest

Biology's Imaginary Futures, 1900–1935

Jim Endersby

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Paperback

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English
University of Chicago Press
17 March 2025
In the early twentieth century, varied audiences took biology out of the hands of specialists and transformed it into mass culture, transforming our understanding of heredity in the process.

In the early twentieth century communities made creative use of the new theories of heredity in circulation at the time, including the now largely forgotten mutation theory of Hugo de Vries. Science fiction writers, socialists, feminists, and utopians are among those who seized on the amazing possibilities of rapid and potentially controllable evolution. De Vries's highly respected scientific theory only briefly captured the attention of the scientific community, but its many fans appropriated it for their own wildly imaginative ends. Writers from H.G. Wells and Edith Wharton to Charlotte Perkins Gilman, J.B.S. Haldane, and Aldous Huxley created a new kind of imaginary future, which Jim Endersby calls the biotopia. It took the ambiguous possibilities of biology—utopian and dystopian—and reimagined them in ways that still influence the public's understanding of the life sciences. The Arrival of the Fittest recovers the fascinating, long-forgotten origins of ideas that have informed works of fiction from Brave New World to the X-Men movies, all while reflecting on the lessons—positive and negative—that this period might offer us.
By:  
Imprint:   University of Chicago Press
Country of Publication:   United States
Dimensions:   Height: 229mm,  Width: 152mm,  Spine: 30mm
Weight:   567g
ISBN:   9780226837567
ISBN 10:   0226837564
Pages:   400
Publication Date:  
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  College/higher education ,  Undergraduate ,  Further / Higher Education
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active

Jim Endersby is professor of the history of science at the University of Sussex. He is the author of Orchid: A Cultural History, Imperial Nature: Joseph Hooker and the Practices of Victorian Science, and A Guinea Pig’s History of Biology.

Reviews for The Arrival of the Fittest: Biology's Imaginary Futures, 1900–1935

“The Arrival of the Fittest offers a novel account of the way in which the sciences of genetics and evolution at the turn of the century fueled a body of literature and stirred the imagination. The book is clever, bold, and makes for lively reading.” -- Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis, author of “Unifying Biology: The Evolutionary Synthesis and Evolutionary Biology” “A superb book that recovers the moment in the history of Darwinism around 1900 when ‘mutation theory’ emerged to explain sudden biological change. This promised a future of bio-engineering new plants, animals, humans and superhumans. Endersby deftly illustrates how the idea of the ‘mutant’ was a product of the interaction of scientific papers, the popular press, the hero-worship of the inventor, and the emergence of the genre of science fiction. From Darwin to Haldane, and from Wells to the X-Men, this is an interdisciplinary project that impresses with its range, readability and its potential to transform our understanding of a crucial phase in evolutionary theory.” -- Roger Luckhurst, author of “Gothic: An Illustrated History” “Arrival of the Fittest tells the story of the version of ‘Darwinism’ that wouldn’t die: an account of evolution focused not on selection, but on the appearance of novelty amongst plants and animals. Situated at the intersection of history of science and science communication, this book reveals a cast of scientists and writers who wrestled with the possibilities of mutation, some little-known today but all influential in the early twentieth century. With clarity and wit, Endersby reveals how their utopian hopes for biology resonate in the present.” -- Charlotte Sleigh, author of “The Paper Zoo: 500 Years of Animals in Art”


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