Robert Alexy is Professor of Public Law and Legal Philosophy at Kiel University, Germany. Ralf Poscher is Director of the Department of Public Law at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Germany. Rafael Giorgio Dalla-Barba is Doctoral Researcher at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Germany. David Duarte is Associate Professor of Law at the University of Lisbon, Portugal.