Solar Electric, Water and Air Tribrid Auto Engines is a must-have for anyone in the automotive industry, as it offers a comprehensive analysis of cutting-edge technologies that could revolutionize vehicle design and fuel efficiency, paving the way for a more sustainable future.
This book analyzes the performance of solar electric, water, and air-based engines. These technologies can be combined to create the revolutionary tribrid engine that combines the three technologies to create an environmentally friendly automobile. Electric motors are known for their low emissions, and solar has the potential to amplify this ability. Water powered engines react with oxygen in the air to create fuel, causing fewer emissions and improved fuel economy. Compressed-air motors are pressure-driven, diminishing our reliance on fossil fuels. Their combined potential in the tribrid model presents revolutionary innovations for how we power automobiles. This volume provides an in-depth exploration of these technologies, providing an advanced understanding of their fundamentals and potential for combination in a tribrid model, making it essential for innovators in the automotive sector.
1 Revolutionizing Transportation: A Comprehensive Review of Electricity-Run Engines 1 Mukhtiar Singh, Maninder Singh, Harjit Singh, Jasvinder Singh and Mandeep Singh Rayat Introduction 2 Importance and Applications of Electricity-Run Engines 3 Conclusion 30 References 31 2 A Review of Water-Run Engines: A Sustainable Solution for Transportation 33 Mukhtiar Singh, Maninder Singh, Harjit Singh, Jasvinder Singh and Mandeep Singh Rayat Introduction 34 Theory and Design of Water-Run Engines 35 Working of Water-Run Engine 36 Hydrogen Electrolysis Set Up 37 Fuel Efficiency and Environmental Impact 38 Environmental Impact 41 Practical Applications of Water-Run Engines 42 Benefits 42 Current Developments in Water-Run Engines 43 Future Developments in Water-Run Engines 43 References 44 3 Compressed-Air-Run Engine 45 Minesh Vohra and Arjun Chopra Introduction 46 Need for Compressed-Air-Run Engine 47 Compressed-Air Energy Technology: Scope, Issues, and Opportunities 47 Various Compressed-Air Engine Parts 48 Working Theory 50 Transmission Aspects of Compressed-Air Engines 52 Outcomes 54 Advantages 54 Disadvantages 55 Applications 56 Conclusion 57 References 57 4 Hybrid Electric Water Engine (Solar Charged) 59 Rajdeep Singh, Chandan Deep Singh and Talwinder Singh 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Why Hybrid? 62 4.2.1 How are Hybrid Water Air Solar-Charged Engines Different? 64 4.2.1.1 Hybrid Water Air Engines Will Have Compact Size 65 4.2.1.2 Priority to Safety 65 4.2.1.3 Commercialization of Product 65 4.3 Hybrid Water Air Engine Vehicle Structure 65 4.3.1 Types of Hybrid Engines 67 4.3.1.1 Driveline Topologies 67 4.3.1.2 Hybridization Level 67 4.3.2 Other Types of Hybrid Electric Vehicles 67 4.3.2.1 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) 68 4.3.2.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Motors 68 4.4 Solar-Charged Hybrid Vehicles 68 4.5 Solar Charging System for Hybrid Engines 73 4.5.1 Types of Solar Cells 73 4.5.1.1 Flexible Solar Panels: Pros and Cons 73 4.5.1.2 Power Management 74 4.6 Conclusions 80 References 81 5 Hybrid Water-Air Engine 85 Rajdeep Singh, Chandan Deep Singh and Talwinder Singh 5.1 Introduction 85 5.2 Technical and Environmental Needs 88 5.3 Concept of Hybrid Water-Air Engines 91 5.3.1 Technology Background 93 5.3.2 Water-Air Hybrid Solution 94 5.3.2.1 Derivative Uses 97 5.3.3 Electronic Control and Measurement 97 5.4 Potential Applications and Societal Values 100 5.4.1 Effect of Water-air Hybrid Engine on Nox Emissions 102 5.4.2 Effect of Water-Air Hybrid Engine on CO and CO2 Emissions 103 5.4.3 Effect of Water-Air Hybrid Engine on HC Emissions 103 5.5 Conclusions 103 References 104 6 Hybrid Electric-Air Engine (Solar Charged) 109 Rajdeep Singh, Chandan Deep Singh and Talwinder Singh 6.1 Introduction 109 6.2 History of Hybrid Air Engines 112 6.2.1 History of Electric Engines (Solar Energy Operated) 114 6.3 Need for Hybrid Air Engines 115 6.3.1 Benefits of Hybrid Air Engines 115 6.4 Concept of Hybrid Air Engines 117 6.4.1 Air Engine Powered by Solar Energy 117 6.4.2 Air Compressors 122 6.4.2.1 Theoretical Modelling of Compressor Mode 122 6.5 Hybrid Solutions 123 6.5.1 The Pneumatic–Combustion Hybrid 123 6.5.2 Air Engine Hybrid 124 6.5.3 Electric and Compressed Air Hybrid Engines 124 6.6 Hybrid Engine Electrical Charged 125 6.6.1 Hybrid Electric Engine Vehicles 126 6.6.1.1 Series Hybrid Engine Vehicles 126 6.6.1.2 Parallel Hybrid Engine Vehicles 127 6.6.1.3 Plug-In Hybrid Electric Engines 128 6.7 Hybrid Air Engines Solar Charged 131 6.8 Conclusions 135 References 136 7 Tribrid Engine 141 Rajdeep Singh and Chandan Deep Singh Introduction 141 Electric Tribrid Engine 142 Types by Drivetrain Structure 144 References 167 8 Analysis of Hybrid and Tribrid Engines 169 Harjit Singh, Maninder Singh, Mukhtiar Singh and Jasvinder Singh 8.1 Introduction 169 8.2 Design of Hybrid Engine 171 8.3 Design of Tribrid Engine 172 8.4 Operation of Hybrid Engines 173 8.5 Operation of Tribrid Engines 174 8.6 Benefits of Hybrid Engines 175 8.7 Benefits of Tribrid Engines 176 8.8 Conclusion 177 References 178 9 Assessing the Impact of Tribrid Technology on Automobile Performance and Sustainability 181 Mukhtiar Singh, Harjit Singh, Jasvinder Singh, Maninder Singh and Mandeep Singh Introduction 182 Historical Development of Hybrid and Tribid Engines 183 Comparison Between Conventional Combustion Engines and Other Alternative Powertrain Technologies 184 Types By Drivetrain Structure 187 Series Hybrid 187 Introduction to Tribrid Engine Architectures and Classifications 192 Performance Analysis and Evaluation 196 Performance Metrics for Hybrid and Tribrid Engines 196 Conclusion 208 Key Insights and Implications 209 Suggestions for Further Research 209 References 210 10 Exploring Future Implications for Tribrid Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Transportation 213 Maninder Singh, Mukhtiar Singh, Harjit Singh and Jasvinder Singh 10.1 Introduction 214 10.2 Environmental Implications of Tribrid Vehicle 214 10.3 Energy Efficiency 216 10.4 Battery Technology 217 10.5 Hydrogen Infrastructure 218 10.6 Consumer Adoption 219 10.7 Tribrid Vehicles in Emerging Markets 220 10.8 Government Policies and Incentives for Tribrid Vehicles 220 10.8.1 Tax Incentives 220 10.9 Research and Development Grants 221 10.10 Infrastructure Investment 222 10.11 Subsidies for Fleet Vehicles 223 10.12 Emissions Regulations on Tribrid Vehicle 224 10.13 Rebates for Scrappage of Older Vehicles 225 References 226 Index 229
Chandan Deep Singh, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Punjabi University. He has published 58 books and over 100 papers in peer-reviewed international journals and conferences. His research interests include production and industrial engineering, maintenance management, and Industry 4.0. Kanwaljit Singh, PhD is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Guru Kashi University. He has published over 50 papers in various international journals and conferences. His main research areas are production and industrial engineering and ultrasonic machining. Davinder Singh, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Punjabi University. He has published over 25 papers in various international journals and conferences. His main areas of research are production and industrial engineering, manufacturing technology, and innovation management. Talwinder Singh, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Punjabi University. He has published one book and 23 research papers in national and international journals. His research interests include environmentally friendly machining, green engineering, and cooling techniques. Jasvinder Singh is an assistant professor at Lovely Professional University. He earned his B.Tech. in 2009 from Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology and hi M.Tech from the same institution in 2011. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. from Punjabi University. Rajdeep Singh is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Punjabi University. He has published nine books, 29 papers in various peer-reviewed international journals, and four papers in international conferences. His areas of interest are automobile engineering, competencies in the manufacturing sector, and production and industrial engineering.
