Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide

About the Authors ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Acronyms xiv 1 Background 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Status 3 1.2.1 Slow-Wave Transmission Line 3 1.2.2 Slow-Wave Miniaturized Device 11 1.2.3 Slow-Wave Miniaturized Antenna 15 1.2.4 Gap Waveguide 19 References 22 2 Design and Operating Principle of SW-SIW 29 2.1 Fundamentals of Slow-Wave Transmission Lines 29 2.2 Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Groove Gap Waveguide 33 2.2.1 Introduction 33 2.2.2 Configuration of the Slow-Wave GW 34 2.2.2.1 Asymmetric Half-Height Mushroom Unit Cell 34 2.2.2.2 Substrate-Integrated Groove GW 35 2.2.2.3 Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Groove GW 35 2.2.2.4 Transition to Microstrip Line 37 2.2.2.5 Slow-Wave Effect of the Proposed SW-SIGGW 38 2.2.3 Manufacture and Measurement 39 2.2.4 Conclusion 40 2.3 Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide with Miniaturized Dimensions and Broadened Bandwidth 40 2.3.1 Introduction 40 2.3.2 SW-SIW Operation Principle 41 2.3.2.1 Configuration 41 2.3.2.2 Slow-Wave Effect 42 2.3.2.3 Parametric Study 46 2.3.2.4 Impedance Matching of SW-SIW 51 2.3.3 Simulated and Measured Results 51 2.3.3.1 Transition From SW-SIW to GCPW 52 2.3.3.2 Simulated Results 54 2.3.3.3 Measured Results 56 2.3.4 Conclusion 56 References 57 3 Device Design Based on SW-SIW 61 3.1 Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Miniaturized Phase Shifter 61 3.1.1 Introduction 61 3.1.2 Theory of Phase Shifter 62 3.1.3 Design of SW-SIW Phase Shifter 63 3.1.4 Simulation Result 66 3.1.5 Conclusion 67 3.2 Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Cross-Junction 69 3.2.1 Introduction 69 3.2.2 Theory of Cross-Junctions 69 3.2.3 The Design Process of Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Cross-Junction 70 3.2.4 Simulation Result 74 3.3 Ultracompact Band-Pass Filter Based on Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Groove Gap Waveguide 76 3.3.1 Introduction 76 3.3.2 Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Groove Gap Waveguide and Band-Pass Filter 77 3.3.2.1 Substrate-Integrated Groove Gap Waveguide 77 3.3.2.2 Groove Gap Waveguide Integrated with an SW Substrate 79 3.3.2.3 The SW-SIGGW Resonator 81 3.3.2.4 The Cascaded SW-SIGGW Second-Order Filter 83 3.3.2.5 Design and Optimization of the Stacked SW-SIGGW Filter 86 3.3.3 Fabrication and Measurements 90 3.3.4 Conclusion 92 References 93 4 Antenna Design Based on SW-SIW 97 4.1 Horn Antenna with Reduced Size and Enhanced Gain by the Loading of Slow-Wave Periodic Metal Blocks 97 4.1.1 Introduction 97 4.1.2 Antenna Design 98 4.1.2.1 Shortened Horn 99 4.1.2.2 The SWSs Theoretical Analysis 99 4.1.2.3 Design of SWSs 101 4.1.2.4 Impedance Match Improvement 102 4.1.3 Simulation and Measurement Results 105 4.1.4 Conclusion 107 4.2 Miniaturized H-Plane Horn Antenna in Longitudinal Direction Featuring −30 dB Sidelobes via Simple Blocks for Aperture Field Adjustment 107 4.2.1 Introduction 107 4.2.2 Antenna Design 108 4.2.3 Design Guideline and Working Principle 111 4.2.4 Simulation and Measurement Results 113 4.2.5 Conclusion 117 4.3 Compact Slow-Wave SIW H-Plane Horn Antenna with Increased Gain for Vehicular Millimeter-Wave Communication 117 4.3.1 Introduction 117 4.3.2 Antenna Design and Analysis 118 4.3.2.1 Original Optimum SIW H-Plane Horn 119 4.3.2.2 Straightforwardly Shortened SIW Horn 121 4.3.2.3 SIW H-Plane Horn Loaded with Slow-Wave Structure 122 4.3.3 Simulation and Measurement Results 123 4.3.4 Conclusion 126 4.4 Circularly Polarized Horn Antenna with Miniaturized Longitudinal Dimension for Vehicular Satellite Communications 127 4.4.1 Introduction 127 4.4.2 Antenna Geometry 128 4.4.3 Antenna Design and Analysis 128 4.4.3.1 Generation of the CP Operation (Ant. 1 to Ant. 2) 128 4.4.3.2 Longitudinal Miniaturization of the Horn Antenna (Ant. 2 to Ant. 3) 130 4.4.3.3 CP Reconstruction in the Shortened Horn (Ant. 3 to Ant. 4) 131 4.4.3.4 Improvement of Impedance Matching 132 4.4.4 Simulation and Measurement Results 133 4.4.5 Conclusion 134 4.5 Bidirectionally Fed Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Monopulse Slot Array Antenna with Gain Enhancement 136 4.5.1 Introduction 136 4.5.2 Antenna Design 137 4.5.2.1 Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide 137 4.5.2.2 SW-SIW Leaky Wave Slot Array 138 4.5.2.3 Principle of Bidirectionally Fed Sum/Difference Pattern 140 4.5.3 Result of Simulation and Measurement 142 4.5.4 Conclusion 143 4.6 Compact Slow-Wave Half-Mode SIW Periodic Leaky Wave Antenna with Continuous Beam Scanning and High Gain 145 4.6.1 Introduction 145 4.6.2 Antenna Design 146 4.6.2.1 Configuration 146 4.6.2.2 Gain Enhancement 146 4.6.2.3 OSB Suppression 149 4.6.3 Conclusion 150 References 151 5 Antenna Array Based on SW-SIW 155 5.1 Miniaturized Slow-Wave Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Rotman Lens Compact Multibeam Antenna for Satellite-Assisted Internet of Vehicles 155 5.1.1 Introduction 155 5.1.2 The Miniaturized Rotman Lens Design 156 5.1.2.1 Conventional SIW Rotman Lens 156 5.1.2.2 Traditional Rotman Lens Miniaturization Methods 157 5.1.2.3 Slow-Wave SIW 158 5.1.2.4 Miniaturized Rotman Lens Body Based on SW-SIW 159 5.1.2.5 Design of the Phase Shifters 161 5.1.2.6 Miniaturized SW-SIW Rotman Lens 163 5.1.3 Design of Multibeam Antenna Based on the Miniaturized SW-SIW Rotman Lens 165 5.1.4 Fabrication and Measurement of the Multibeam Antenna 165 5.1.5 Conclusion 170 References 170 6 Conclusion 173 Index 175