Seismoelectric Exploration

List of Contributors ix Foreword 1: Steve Pride xiii Foreword 2: M Nafi Toksöz xv Preface xvii Part I: Theory 1 1 The Microscale Origin of the Seismoelectric Effect: Electrokinetics, Streaming Potential 3 Niels Grobbe and André Revil 2 The Governing Set of Coupled Seismo-electromagnetic Equations 9 Niels Grobbe, André Revil, and Evert Slob 3 Green’s Functions for Moment Tensor Sources Including the Double Couple Source 31 Yongxin Gao and Hengshan Hu Part II: Laboratory Experiments 47 4 Streaming Potential Measurements in Natural and Artificial Porous Samples 49 Luong Duy Thanh and Rudolf Sprik 5 Saturation Dependence of the Streaming Potential Coefficient 73 Laurence Jouniaux, Vincent Allègre, Renaud Toussaint, and Fabio Zyserman 6 Seismoelectric Coupling Coefficients 101 Zhenya Zhu and M Nafi Toksöz 7 Laboratory Measurements of Coseismic Fields: Toward a Validation of Pride’s Theory 109 Clarisse Bordes, Daniel Brito, Stéphane Garambois, Julia Holzhauer, Laurence Jouniaux, and Michel Dietrich 8 Water Saturated Rock Sample in Air 123 Zhenya Zhu and M Nafi Toksöz 9 Porous Rock Samples in Water 129 Zhenya Zhu, M Nafi Toksöz, and Dan Burns 10 Seismoelectric Conversion in a Sample With Anisotropic Permeability 137 Zhenya Zhu, M Nafi Toksöz, and Xin Zhan 11 Scaled Physical Models: Layered Models 147 11a A Study of the Seismoelectric Effect of a Frozen-unfrozen Interface Based Upon Ultrasonic Experiment 148 Zhengping Liu, Lei Yuan, Xin Zhang, Zhihui Liu, and Haiyan Wu 11b An Experimental Study to the Seismoelectric Responses of Unfrozen Water Content 153 Zhengping Liu, Lang Song, and Lei Yuan 11c An Experimental Study of Rayleigh Waves Based on Seismoelectric Measurements 160 Ziying Xiong, Zhengping Liu, and Kai Zhang 11d Scaled Layer Model 174 Zhenya Zhu, M Nafi Toksöz, and Jun Wang 12 Scaled Physical Models: Borehole Models 177 12a Borehole Model in a Horizontally Layered Strata 178 Zhenya Zhu, M Nafi Toksöz, and Matthijs W Haartsen 12b Borehole Model with Fractures 183 Zhenya Zhu and M Nafi Toksöz 13 Experimental Study of Correlation Imaging With Seismoelectromagnetic Waves 191 Sareh Nakhaee and Rudolf Sprik 14 Tool Wave in Acoustic Logging While Drilling 203 Zhenya Zhu and M Nafi Toksöz 15 Multipole Seismoelectric Well Logging While Drilling 213 Zhenya Zhu, M Nafi Toksöz, and Xin Zhan Part III: Numerical Modeling 217 16 Earthquake Sources: Moment Tensor Point Source 219 Yongxin Gao and Hengshan Hu 17 Earthquake Sources: Finite Fault Sources 235 Yongxin Gao and Hengshan Hu 18 Finite Element Modeling of Electroseismics and Seismoelectrics 245 Fabio Zyserman, Patricia Gauzellino, and Laurence Jouniaux 19 Seismoelectric Signals Produced by Mesoscopic Heterogeneities: Spectroscopic Analysis of Fractured Media 269 Marina Rosas-Carbajal, Damien Jougnot, J Germán Rubino, Leonardo Monachesi, Niklas Linde, and Klaus Holliger 20 Evanescent EM Waves Generated by Seismoelectric Conversion at an Interface 289 Hengxin Ren, Qinghua Huang, and Xiaofei Chen Part IV: Field Experiments and Applications 319 21 Design of Field Instrumentation and Noise Removal Techniques for Seismoelectric Measurements 321 J Christian Dupuis, Anton W Kepic, and Karl E Butler 22 Seismoelectric Field Measurements in Unconsolidated Sediments in Comparison With Other Methods of Near-Surface Prospecting 347 Wolfgang Rabbel, Katja Iwanowski-Strahser, Matthias Strahser, Laura Dzieran, and Martin Thorwart 23 Investigating the Interfacial Seismoelectric Response at Field Scale 365 Julia Holzhauer and Ugur Yaramanci 24 Seismoelectric Characterization of Ice Sheets and Glaciers 383 Bernd Kulessa, Stéphane Garambois, Michel Dietrich, Karl E Butler, Sarah S Thompson, and Graham Stuart 25 Seismoelectric Ground Response to Local and Regional Earthquakes 401 Laura Dzieran, Wolfgang Rabbel, Martin Thorwart, and Oliver Ritter 26 Electromagnetic Signals Associated With Earthquakes: A Review of Observations, Data Processing, and Mechanisms in China 415 Qinghua Huang, Peng Han, Katsumi Hattori, and Hengxin Ren 27 Field Observations of the Seismo-electromagnetic Effect Related to Earthquakes 437 Yukio Fujinawa and Yoichi Noda Nomenclature 451 Index 455