Scientific Institutions and Practice in France and Britain, c.1700–c.1870

Maurice Crosland

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English

Routledge
03 January 2019

European history; Modern history to 20th century: c 1700 to c 1900; History of science; History of engineering & technology

Series: Variorum Collected Studies

This second collection of studies by Maurice Crosland has as a first theme the differences in the style and organisation of scientific activity in Britain and France in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Science was more closely controlled in France, notably by the Paris Academy of Sciences, and the work of provincial amateurs much less prominent than in Britain.

The most dramatic change in any branch of science during this period was in chemistry, largely through the work of Lavoisier and his colleagues, the focus of several articles here, and the dominance of this group caused considerable resentment outside France, not least by Joseph Priestley. The issue of authority in science emerges again, within France under the rule of Napoleon, in a study of the exceptional power exercised by the great mathematician Laplace both in theoretical science and in academic politics. This exploration of organisation and power is complemented by a comparative study of the practice of early 'physics' and chemistry and their different reliance on laboratories. This raises the question of whether chemistry provided a model for later experimental work in other sciences, both through the construction of pioneering laboratories and in establishing early schools of research.

By: Maurice Crosland
Imprint: Routledge
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Dimensions: Height: 224mm, Width: 150mm,
Weight: 453g
ISBN: 9781138375109
ISBN 10: 1138375101
Series: Variorum Collected Studies
Pages: 288
Publication Date: 03 January 2019
Audience: College/higher education , Professional and scholarly , Further / Higher Education , Undergraduate
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active

Maurice Crosland is Emeritus Professor in the School of History, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK.

Reviews for Scientific Institutions and Practice in France and Britain, c.1700–c.1870

’Maurice Crosland is one of the most revered names in the history of eighteenth and early nineteenth-century history of science particularly for his expertise in the history of chemistry.’ H-France Review ’there is much to go at here, including not only finely focused contributions to research but also more general reflective pieces - on eighteenth-century chemistry and the organisation of chemistry in nineteenth-century France, for example - that bear the characteristic stamp of Crosland’s wide reading and measured judgements.’ Ambix