Robert W. Hefner is professor of anthropology and global affairs at the Pardee School of Global Affairs at Boston University. He is also a senior research associate and the former director of the Institute on Culture, Religion, and World Affairs. He has conducted research on politics, ethics, and culture in the Muslim world since the early 1980s. He is the author or editor of some twenty books, including Shari'a Law and Modern Muslim Ethics (2016), and is currently completing a book on Islam and citizenship in democratic Indonesia.