"Personhood is central to the worldview of ancient India. Across voluminous texts and diverse traditions, the subject of the puru.sa, the Sanskrit term for ""person,"" has been a constant source of insight and innovation. Yet little sustained scholarly attention has been paid to the precise meanings of the puru.sa concept or its historical transformations within and across traditions. In Puru.sa: Personhood in Ancient India, Matthew I. Robertson traces the history of Indic thinking about puru.sas through an extensive analysis of the major texts and traditions of ancient India.
Through clear explanations of classic Sanskrit texts and the idioms of Indian traditions, Robertson discerns the emergence and development of a sustained, paradigmatic understanding that persons are deeply confluent with the world. Personhood is worldhood. Puru.sa argues for the significance of this ""worldly"" thinking about personhood to Indian traditions and identifies a host of techniques that were developed to ""extend"" and ""expand"" persons to ever-greater scopes. Ritualized swellings of sovereigns to match the extent of their realm find complement in ascetic meditations on the intersubjective nature of perceptually delimited person-worlds, which in turn find complement in yogas of sensory restraint, the dietary regimens of Ayurvedic medicine, and the devotional theologies by which persons ""share"" and ""eat"" the expansive divinity of God. Whether in the guise of a king, an ascetic, a yogi, a buddha, or a patient in the care of an Ayurvedic physician, fully realized persons know themselves to be coterminous with the horizons of their world.
Offering new readings of classic works and addressing the fields of religion, politics, philosophy, medicine, and literature, Puru.sa: Personhood in Ancient India challenges us to reexamine the goals of ancient Indian religions and yields new insights into the interrelated natures of persons and the worlds in which they live."
Abbreviations 1. Persons, Worlds 2. The Expansion of Sovereign Personhood in the Rgveda 3. Measures and Mortals: The post-Rgveda Puru.sa 4. The Blissful Recursion of Personhood in the Upanisads 5. The Elementality of Personhood in Early Buddhism 6. Equal to the World: Paradigmatic Personhood in Early Ayurveda 7. Persons in a Bewildered World: Paradigmatic Personhood in the Mahabharata 8. Persons, Worlds: Resumed Index
Matthew I. Robertson is a lecturer in the Department of History at Murray State University and holds a PhD in Religious Studies from the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Reviews for Puruṣa: Personhood in Ancient India
Thinking precisely and clearly about personhood and its relationship to the worldhood is important.' This golden thread runs through the whole of this fascinating book that examines the social, philosophical, and religious understandings of puruṣa through Indian history. From deepest antiquity to the mid-first millennium, Robertson explores the very different evolutions of the central concept of personhood through the great traditions of Indian reflection and belief. This is a nuanced and sophisticated series of reflections on one of the most important and continuous themes in South Asian thought. * Dominik Wujastyk, Singhmar Chair in Indian Society and Polity, University of Alberta * This magnificent, groundbreaking study of the ancient Indian category of puruṣa, the Indian 'person,' sweeps us into a world where the dimensions of inner and outer, and body and cosmos, collapse. Also collapsing are several received notions concerning Indian metaphysics. * David Gordon White, Author of The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali: A Biography *
