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Our Dear-Bought Liberty

Catholics and Religious Toleration in Early America

Michael D. Breidenbach

$82.95

Hardback

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English
Harvard Uni.Press Academi
25 May 2021
How early American Catholics justified secularism and overcame suspicions of disloyalty, transforming ideas of religious liberty in the process.

In colonial America, Catholics were presumed dangerous until proven loyal. Yet Catholics went on to sign the Declaration of Independence and helped to finalize the First Amendment to the Constitution. What explains this remarkable transformation? Michael Breidenbach shows how Catholic leaders emphasized their church's own traditions-rather than Enlightenment liberalism-to secure the religious liberty that enabled their incorporation in American life.

Catholics responded to charges of disloyalty by denying papal infallibility and the pope's authority to intervene in civil affairs. Rome staunchly rejected such dissent, but reform-minded Catholics justified their stance by looking to conciliarism, an intellectual tradition rooted in medieval Catholic thought yet compatible with a republican view of temporal independence and church–state separation. Drawing on new archival material, Breidenbach finds that early American Catholic leaders, including Maryland founder Cecil Calvert and members of the prominent Carroll family, relied on the conciliarist tradition to help institute religious toleration, including the Maryland Toleration Act of 1649.

The critical role of Catholics in establishing American church–state separation enjoins us to revise not only our sense of who the American founders were, but also our understanding of the sources of secularism. Church–state separation in America, generally understood as the product of a Protestant-driven Enlightenment, was in key respects derived from Catholic thinking. Our Dear-Bought Liberty therefore offers a dramatic departure from received wisdom, suggesting that religious liberty in America was not bestowed by liberal consensus but partly defined through the ingenuity of a persecuted minority.

By:  
Imprint:   Harvard Uni.Press Academi
Country of Publication:   United States
Dimensions:   Height: 235mm,  Width: 156mm,  Spine: 15mm
Weight:   666g
ISBN:   9780674247239
ISBN 10:   067424723X
Pages:   368
Publication Date:  
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active

Michael D. Breidenbach is Associate Professor of History at Ave Maria University and coeditor of The Cambridge Companion to the First Amendment and Religious Liberty. His writing has appeared in the Washington Post, The Atlantic, and First Things.

Reviews for Our Dear-Bought Liberty: Catholics and Religious Toleration in Early America

An impressive work of historical scholarship that makes a persuasive case for the importance of American Catholics in the story of American religious liberty...Breidenbach has broken new ground. -- Lael Weinberger * National Review * An original, provocative contribution to the study of U.S. Catholic history. -- George Weigel * First Things * The definitive treatment of the Catholic quest for religious toleration in America...An excellent work that should be read by anyone interested in church-state relations in early America. -- Mark David Hall * Law & Liberty * What has medieval Catholic ecclesiology and political thought to do with the US Constitution? Much more than anyone thought, it turns out, as Breidenbach shows in this impressively researched, superbly argued, and beautifully written book. Our Dear-Bought Liberty will compel a rethinking of church-state relations, religious liberty and toleration, and the place of Catholicism in American history. A truly important, original work. -- Brad S. Gregory, author of <i>The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society</i> Breidenbach's provocative book makes the case for Catholics' intellectual contributions to the juridical separation of church and state. Ranging from medieval jurist John of Paris to James Madison, this vigorously argued, richly sourced work should permanently widen the lens through which American constitutional history is discussed and debated. -- Catherine O'Donnell, author of <i>Men of Letters in the Early Republic: Cultivating Forums of Citizenship</i> An extremely interesting and well-written book. It isn't easy to make a new contribution to the much-studied topic of religious liberty in colonial America, but Breidenbach does so by exploring the subject within the broad tradition of conciliarist or Gallican Catholic thinking about the nature of papal authority. Situating the American experience within an often overlooked dimension of European religious history, he offers a valuable perspective on historical questions that remain enormously important to the study of early America, early modern Britain, and the Atlantic world. -- Jeffrey Collins, author of <i>In the Shadow of Leviathan: John Locke and the Politics of Conscience</i> In this remarkably well researched book, Breidenbach shows that Anglo-American Catholics embraced a centuries-old intellectual tradition within Catholicism to contribute to the idea of church-state separation that ultimately took root in the United States. He deftly shows that American Catholics were not the grateful beneficiaries of church-state separation; rather, they were early-and natural-architects of it. -- Maura Jane Farrelly, author of <i>Papist Patriots: The Making of an American Catholic Identity</i> Our Dear-Bought Liberty sheds new light on the Catholic origins of religious liberty in the United States and its constitutional tradition. Although colonial Catholics are often forgotten and overlooked, Breidenbach asserts their wide-ranging impact in the Maryland colony and the nascent republic as they helped shape the American understanding of religious liberty. This extensively researched and eloquent work leads the reader to a greater appreciation of this central theme advanced by Catholics from the Constitutional Convention to the Second Vatican Council. -- Timothy Cardinal Dolan, Archbishop of New York


  • Runner-up for Journal of the American Revolution Book of the Year 2023 (United States)

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