Ophthalmology of Exotic Pets

Foreword viii Acknowledgements x Dedication xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Reference 2 Chapter 2 A brief history of comparative ophthalmology 3 References 8 Chapter 3 Common features of exotic animal ophthalmology 9 Ocular examination 9 Ancillary tests 11 Ocular pharmacology 13 References 13 Chapter 4 The rabbit eye 15 Introduction 15 Anatomy and physiology of the rabbit eye 15 What do rabbits see? 18 Adnexal disease 21 Diseases of the orbit 36 Diseases of the cornea 39 Diseases of the lens 44 Diseases of the iris 46 Glaucoma 49 Retinal disease 52 References 52 Chapter 5 The guinea pig eye 56 Anatomy and physiology of the guinea pig eye 56 What do guinea pigs see? 56 Diseases of the guinea pig eye 57 References 72 Chapter 6 The ferret eye 73 Anatomy and physiology of the ferret eye 73 What do ferrets see? 73 Diseases of the ferret eye 75 References 84 Chapter 7 The rat and mouse eye 86 Anatomy of the eye 86 A note on ophthalmoscopy 87 What do rats and mice see? 88 Ophthalmic disease in rats and mice 89 References 106 Chapter 8 The eye of other mammalian exotic pet species 109 Introduction 109 Hamsters 109 Gerbils 110 Chinchillas 111 Degus 111 Hedgehogs 112 Primates 114 References 116 Chapter 9 The avian eye 119 Introduction 119 Anatomy and physiology of the avian eye 119 What do birds see? 127 Evaluating the avian eye 130 Orbital disease 131 Lid and adnexal disease 135 Corneal disease 143 Uveal disease 146 Lens disease 148 Retinal disease 151 Horner’s syndrome 152 Enucleation 153 References 155 Chapter 10 The reptile eye 159 Introduction 159 Anatomy and physiology of the reptilian eye 159 Biology of the reptilian spectacle 162 What do reptiles see? 164 Diseases of the reptile eye 167 References 193 Chapter 11 The amphibian eye 197 Anatomy and physiology of the amphibian eye 197 What do amphibians see? 199 Diseases of the amphibian eye 200 Enucleation 208 Conclusion 208 References 208 Chapter 12 The fish eye 211 Introduction 211 Anatomy and physiology of the fish eye 212 What do fish see? 214 Diseases of the aquarium fish eye 216 References 227 Conclusions 228 Index 231