Ahmad Riad Ramadan is a vascular neurologist and neurointensivist at the Henry Ford Neuroscience Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA. He also is the program director for the Neurocritical Care Fellowship and chairs the Scientific Advisory Board of the Department of Neurology. Gamaleldin Osman is at the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Neurology Department, in Rochester, Minnesota.