Handbook of AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
The book provides detailed information about the application of repellent products that contain plant-based ingredients known as nanobioinsecticides, including the pesticide evaluation scheme guidelines for repellent testing, relevant information about the procedures to evaluate several repellent compounds, the development of new products that offer high repellency, and guidelines for consumer safety.
The chapters of volume IV of this set, focus on a wide range of related topics. They chronicle many traditional repellent plants that could be used in ethnobotanical studies and provides valuable insight into the development of new natural products. It outlines the standardization and numerous investigations used to affirm the level of repellent compounds from various plants. Furthermore, it details the safety, efficacy, and facts about plant-based repellent testing, and reviews new developments in the field.
The book also explores the sustainable techniques involved in the structural elucidation and characterization of active constituents found in nanobioinsecticides, and gives relevant information on the use of essential oils, derived from plants, in the preparation of nanobioinsecticides.
Audience
The book is a useful resource for a diverse audience, including industrialists, food industry professionals, agriculturists, agricultural microbiologists, plant pathologists, botanists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, nanotechnologists, microbial biotechnologists, farmers, policymakers, and extension workers.
Preface xvii 1 The Contribution of Ethnobotany to the Discovery of New Plant-Based Repellents 1 Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Anagwonye Uju, Etinfoh Hope, Ebiminor Gift Taramapreye, Alexis Ojeide and Beckley Ikhajiagbe 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Ethnobotany in the Discovery of New Plant-Based Repellents 2 1.3 Plant-Based Repellent 4 2 Nanobioinsecticide Derived from Essential Oils of Cymbopogon nardus 9 R. Vijayalaskshmi, D. Thilagavathi and T. Vennilavan 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Materials and Methods 11 2.3 Root 16 2.4 Discussion 17 2.5 Conclusion 20 3 Nanobioinsecticides Derived from Neem-Based Preparations 27 Ojo, S.K.S., Ojo, A.M., Ayo, I.O., Oluwole, B.R. and Otugboyega, J.O. 3.1 Introduction 28 3.2 Conventional Farming and its Challenges 30 3.3 Insects 34 3.4 Pesticides 37 3.5 Nanotechnology 40 3.6 Biomaterials 42 3.7 Description of Neem 47 3.8 Farm Level Neem Bioinsecticide Preparation 52 3.9 Effects of Neem Compounds and Its Composites on Insects 52 3.10 Neem-Based Preparations 54 3.11 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 56 4 Nanoinsecticides Derived from Poaceae Family 69 Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Nanobioinsecticides Derived from Poaceae 70 4.3 Some Examples of Essential Oils Applied in Different Studies 71 4.4 Effectiveness/Efficacy of Essential Oils from Several Plants 72 4.5 Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils 72 5 Nanoinsecticides Derived from Pennyroyal-Containing Compounds 77 Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 5.1 Introduction 77 5.2 Nanobioinsecticides Derived from Pennyroyal 78 5.3 Effectiveness/Efficacy of Essential Oils from Several Plants 78 5.4 Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils 79 5.5 Conclusion 80 6 Nanobioinsecticide Derived from Thyme Oil 83 Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 6.1 Introduction 83 6.2 Effectiveness/Efficacy of Oils from Several Plants 85 6.3 Mechanism of Action of Essential Oils 86 6.4 Conclusion 86 References 86 7 Nanobioinsecticides from Geraniol-Containing Compounds 91 Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Nyejirime Young Wike, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Olugbemi T. Olaniyan 7.1 Introduction 91 7.2 General Overview 94 7.3 Nanobioinsecticides Derived from Geraniol 94 7.4 Effectiveness/Efficacy of Essential Oils from Several Plants 95 8 Repellant Testing Methodology for Nanobioinsecticide 101 Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 8.1 Introduction 102 8.2 The Antifeedant Management, Resources, and Reserve Capabilities of Nanotechnology-Based Antifeedant Delivery Systems for Insect Pest Control 105 8.3 Delivery System for Nanoparticle Antifeedant Formulation 110 8.4 Preventive Maintenance Dose (PMD) from Lemon Eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora) Extract 113 8.5 Conclusion 119 8.6 The Way Forward 120 9 Nanobioinsecticide and Nanoemulsions: Recent Advances 129 Babatunde Oluwafei Adetuyi, Grace Odine, Peace Olajide Abiodun, Oluwakemi Semilore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 9.1 Introduction 130 9.2 Insecticide 130 9.3 Bioinsecticide 132 9.4 Problems with Bioinsecticide 134 9.5 Mechanism of Action of Bioinsecticide 135 9.6 Nanotechnology 135 9.7 Nanoemulsion 139 9.8 Monomolecular Films 141 9.9 Multimolecular Films 142 9.10 Solid Particulate Films 142 9.11 Method of Nanoemulsion 142 9.12 Characterization of Nanoemulsion 145 9.13 Application of Nanoemulsion 146 9.14 Recent Advances in Nanobioinsectides and Nanoemulsion 148 9.15 Future Perspectives 151 9.16 Summary and Conclusion 152 10 Roles of Improved Formulations and Fixatives in the Development of Nanobioinsecticide 165 Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 10.1 Introduction 166 10.2 Biopesticides in Organic Farming 167 10.3 Natural Pesticide Mechanisms 169 10.4 Antifeedants 175 10.5 Citronella 183 10.6 Neem 184 10.7 Naturally Occurring Oils and Emulsions 184 10.8 Fragrant Oils 185 10.9 Considerations for Repellent Testing Methodology 189 10.10 Several Misconceptions Regarding Natural or Plant-Based Repellents 189 10.11 Progress in Plant-Based Repellents that is Promising 191 10.12 Botanical Pesticide Formulations Nanotechnology Use 192 10.13 Conclusion 193 11 Plant-Based Repellent Evaluation and Development 205 Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Barka Peter Mshelmbula, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Precious Oselumese Agbi, Nathan Benjamin Iredia, Peace Achioya Isime, Oghenefegor Edheba and Beckley Ikhajiagbe 11.1 Introduction 206 11.2 Plant-Based Repellents 208 11.3 Mechanism of Action 210 11.4 Development in Plant-Based Repellents 211 11.5 Conclusion 217 12 Techniques Involved in the Structural Elucidation and Characterization of Active Constituents That Could Serve as Repellent Products Containing Plant-Based Ingredients as Nanobioinsecticide 223 Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Peace Abiodun Olajide and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 12.1 Introduction 224 12.2 Farming's Use of Nano-Agrochemicals 227 12.3 Employing Natural Insecticides to Eradicate Serious Insects from Vegetable Crops 229 12.4 Effectiveness of Natural Pesticides in Practical Situations 236 12.5 Sustainability in Action: Natural Insecticidesfor Vegetable Crop Production 238 12.6 Conclusions 241 13 The Influence of Nanoinsecticides on the Social Economy and Its Bio-Economy Perspectives in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals 257 Abere Benjamin Olusola and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 13.1 Introduction 258 13.2 Nanotechnology as a Potential Source of Modern Pesticides 261 13.3 Agriculture and Toxicology of Insecticides 261 13.4 Nanostructured Alumina: A Novel Pesticide Powder Developed Through Nanotechnology 262 13.5 Pesticides Made of Nanoparticles 263 13.6 Review of the Literature 264 13.7 The Impact of Nanoinsecticides on the Development of Sustainable Development Goals 268 13.8 Conclusion 271 14 Procedure Involved in the Evaluation of Several Repellent Compounds Used for the Fabrication of Nanobioinsecticide 277 Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Edward Kwame Opata, Peace Abiodun Olajide and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 14.1 Introduction 278 14.2 Insecticide Nanoparticles in a Variety of Forms 280 14.3 Resources for Producing Nanoemulsions 283 14.4 Nanosuspensions Production 286 14.5 Nanocapsules 288 14.6 Nanoparticles 292 14.7 Classification of Nanoparticles 292 14.8 Silver Nanoparticle Production 293 14.9 Nano-Sized Silica Particles 295 14.10 Making Silica Nanoparticles: Techniques 296 14.11 Pest Control: The Role of Silica Nanoparticles 296 14.12 Conclusion 296 15 Safety, Efficacy, and Facts on Testing of Plant-Based Repellants and Effectiveness of Nanobioinsecticides 307 Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Oluwakemi Semilore Omowumi, Peace Abiodun Olajide and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 15.1 Introduction 308 15.2 Insects Repellants 309 15.3 PMD Obtained from Concentrate of Lemon Eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora) 311 15.4 Techniques to Consider While Assessing Repellents 315 15.5 Test Protocols for Repellents Based on Guidelines from (WHOPES, 2009) 315 15.6 Effectiveness, Safety of Toxic Chemical, and Plant-Based Insect Repellents 316 15.7 Insecticides Produced Using Plants 319 15.8 A Few Misguided Judgments with Respect to Normal or Plant-Based Repellents 319 15.9 The Fate of Plant-Based Repellents Looks Encouraging 320 15.10 Differentiating Bug Repellents Made of Synthetic Compounds and Plants 322 15.11 Bioinsecticides Based on Plant Science for Mosquito Control 323 15.12 Utilizing Insect Sprays to Control Mosquitoes 324 15.13 Mosquito Insecticide Resistance 326 15.14 Bioinsecticides Based on Plants 329 15.15 Assessment of Plant-Based Bioinsecticides' Mosquito Control Effectiveness 336 15.16 Using Plant-Based Bioinsecticides to Control Resistant Mosquito Populations 338 15.17 How Might Plant-Based Bioinsecticides Be More Effective in Mosquito Control Techniques? 340 15.18 Conclusion 344 16 Recent Advances in the Application of Biogenic Materials in the Formulation of Nanobioinsecticide Derived from Azadirachta indica 361 Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Adetoro Inumidun Fasonyin, Oluwafemi Ajibola Abiona, Winnie Asuquo Andem, Dorcas Adebambo Odelade and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji 16.1 Introduction 362 16.2 Chemistry and Function of Neem Oil 363 16.3 Main Products of Neem 364 16.4 Neem Oil Nanoemulsion 366 16.5 Food Preservation and Packaging Function of the Oil of Neem Oil and its Nanoemulsion 367 16.6 The Usefulness of the Pesticides of Neem as an Agonist against a Variety of Pests Found in Food Crops 370 16.7 The Anti-Insect Properties of Azadirachtin 370 16.8 Neem's Action Mode and Specificity 370 16.9 Neem's Future Prospects 372 16.10 Conclusions 372 References 372 Index 383
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer and Chairman of the Committee on Research Grants at EUI. He has won several scientific awards and grants from renowned academic bodies such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents. Julius Kola Oloke, PhD, is a Professor and Vice Chancellor in the Department of Pure and Applied Biology at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. He has a PhD in microbiology from Obafemi Awolowo University in 1989. Professor Oloke was conferred with the National Productivity Order of Merit Award by the Federal Government of Nigeria in August 2012, for his work on formulating an immune modulating agent known as Trinity Immuno-booster (Trino IB) which has been used in many countries.
