Molecules and Medicine provides, for the first time ever, a completely integrated look at chemistry, biology, drug discovery, and medicine. It delves into the discovery, application, and mode of action of more than one hundred of the most significant molecules in use in modern medicine. Opening sections of the book provide a unique, clear, and concise introduction, which enables readers to understand chemical formulas.
Part I. Introduction 2 Understanding Structural Diagrams of Organic Molecules 4 Some Common Molecules 23 Proteins and Three-Dimensional Protein Structure 26 Some of the Protein Structures That Appear in This Book 32 Part II. Inflammatory, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Anti-Inflammatory Agents Acetylsalicylic acid (AspirinTM) 38 Naproxen (AleveTM) 39 How Do Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Work? 40 Other Eicosanoids in Inflammation 41 An Overview of Inflammation 42 Celecoxib (CelebrexTM) 43 Prednisone (DeltasoneTM) 44 Methotrexate (TrexallTM) 46 Allopurinol (ZyloprimTM) 47 Antiasthmatic and Antiallergic Agents Salmeterol (SereventTM) 50 Fluticasone Propionate (FloventTM) 51 Montelukast Sodium (SingulairTM) 52 Tiotropium Bromide (SpirivaTM) 53 Loratadine (ClaritinTM) 54 Type 2 Diabetes An Overview of Metabolic Syndrome 56 Antidiabetic and Cholesterol-Lowering Agents Metformin (GlucophageTM) 60 Glipizide (GlucotrolTM) 61 Pioglitazone (ActosTM) 62 Sitagliptin (JanuviaTM) 63 Atorvastatin (LipitorTM) 64 Ezetimibe (ZetiaTM) 65 Cardiovascular Agents Atenolol (TenorminTM) 68 Enalapril (VasotecTM) 69 Candesartan Cilexetil (AtacandTM) 70 Aliskiren (TekturnaTM) 71 Amlodipine (NorvascTM) 72 Nitroglycerin 73 Clopidogrel Bisulfate (PlavixTM) 74 Digoxin (LanoxinTM) 75 Receptors and Signaling Information Flow into the Cell by Chemical Signaling 78 References for Part II 80 Part III. Reproductive Medicine Oral Contraceptives 90 Testosterone 91 Mifepristone (MifeprexTM) 92 Oxytocin (OxytocinTM) 93 Sildenafil (ViagraTM) 94 Osteoporosis Some Aspects of Osteoporosis 96 Alendronate (FosamaxTM) 97 Calcitriol (RocaltrolTM) 98 Raloxifene (EvistaTM) 99 Teriparatide (ForteoTM) 100 Glaucoma and Antiulcer Agents Latanoprost (XalatanTM) 102 Ranitidine (ZantacTM) 103 Omeprazole (PrilosecTM) 104 References for Part III 105 Part IV. Autoimmune Disease and Organ Transplant A Brief Survey of the Immune System 112 Immunosuppressive Agents Azathioprine (ImuranTM) 122 Mycophenolate Mofetil (CeIlCeptTM) 123 Cyclosporin (NeoralTM) 124 Tacrolimus (PrografTM) 125 FTY720 (Fingolimod) 126 Infectious Diseases Antibiotics Amoxicillin (AmoxilTM) 130 Cefaclor (CeclorTM) 132 Doxycycline (VibramycinTM) 133 Azithromycin (ZithromaxTM) 134 Ciprofloxacin (CiproTM) 135 Trimethoprim (TriprimTM) 136 Amikacin (AmikinTM) 137 Vancomycin (VancocinTM) 138 Linezolid (ZyvoxTM) 139 Isoniazid (LaniazidTM) 140 Ancillary Antibiotics 142 Drug Resistance 143 Antiviral Agents On Viruses and Viral Diseases 146 Acyclovir (ZoviraxTM) 148 Ribavirin (VirazoleTM) 149 Oseltamivir (TamifluTM) 150 Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZTTM) 151 Zalcitabine (HividTM) 152 Nevirapine (ViramuneTM) 153 Efavirenz (SustivaTM) 154 Lopinavir + Ritonavir (KaletraTM) 155 UK427857 (Maraviroc) 156 Antifungal Agents Amphotericin (FungizoneTM) 160 Fluconazole (DiflucanTM) 161 Caspofungin (CancidasTM) 162 Terbinafine (LamisilTM) 163 Antimalarial and Antiparasitic Agents Parasitic Diseases: A Focus on Malaria 166 Chloroquine (ArdenTM) 167 Artemether + Lumefantrine (CoArtemTM) 168 Atovaquone + Proguanil (MalaroneTM) 169 Miltefosine (I mpavidoTM) 170 Nitazoxanide (AliniaTM) 171 Ivermectin (StromectolTM) 172 References for Part IV 173 Part V. Malignant Disease An Overview of Cancer 184 Capecitabine (XelodaTM) 187 Carboplatin (ParaplatinTM) 188 Vinblastine (VelbanTM) 189 Paclitaxel (TaxolTM) 190 Cyclophosphamide (CytoxanTM) 191 Tamoxifen (NolvadexTM) 192 Irinotecan (CamptosarTM) 193 Bleomycin (BlenoxaneTM) 194 Imatinib (GleevecTM) 195 Sunitinib (SutentTM) 196 Bortezomib (VelcadeTM) 197 Ancillary Anticancer Agents 198 References for Part V 200 Part VI. Drugs Acting on the Nervous System Pain and Analgesia Lidocaine (XylocaineTM) 208 Morphine (AvinzaTM) 209 Acetaminophen (Tylenol TM) 210 Fentanyl (DuragesicTM) 211 Sodium Thiopental (Sodium PentothalTM) 212 Gabapentin (NeurontinTM) 213 Diazepam (ValiumTM) 214 Sumatriptan (ImitrexTM) 215 Hypnotics (Insomnia) and Antismoking Zolpidem (AmbienTM) 218 Ramelteon (RozeremTM) 219 Varenicline (ChantixTM) 220 The Brain, Neurotransmission and Molecular Neurotransmitters 221 Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases Levodopa (LarodopaTM) 224 Donepezil (AriceptTM) 225 Antiepileptic Agents 226 Antianxiety Agents 228 Antidepressants 229 Antipsychotics 232 References for Part VI 233 Glossary 237 Index 249
E. J. Corey has been a Professor at Harvard University since 1959. He was educated at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1945-1950) and served as a faculty member at the University of Illinois from1951 to 1959. He is the 1990 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, and the recipient of over seventy international awards and honorary degrees, including the U.S. National Medal of Science, the Japan Prize in Science, and the Priestley Medal of the American Chemical Society. He is amember of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. National Institute of Medicine. Professor Corey is the author of more than 1,000 publications and is one of the most cited authors in science. Barbara Czakó completed undergraduate studies at the University of Debrecen, Hungary, where she worked with Dr. Sándor Berényi. She obtained a Master of Science degree at the University of Missouri-Columbia with Professor Shon R. Pulley. Dr. Czakó received her Ph.D. degree (2006) in synthetic organic chemistry under the guidance of Professor Gary A. Molander at the University of Pennsylvania. Currently she is a postdoctoral fellow with Professor E.J. Corey at Harvard University. In 2005 she published with László Kürti the textbook Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis. László Kürti was born and raised in Hungary. He received his diploma from the University of Debrecen, Hungary, where he conducted research in the laboratory of Professor Sándor Antus. Subsequently he received his Master of Science degree at the University of Missouri-Columbia working with Professor Michael Harmata, and his Ph.D. degree (2006) in synthetic organic chemistry under the supervision of Professor Amos B. Smith III (the University of Pennsylvania). Currently he is a Damon Runyon Cancer Fellow in the group of Professor E.J. Corey at Harvard University. In 2005 he published with Barbara Czakó the textbook Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis.
Reviews for Molecules and Medicine
"“Molecules and Medicine is a fascinating introduction to the convergence of chemistry and physiology, and to the emergence of the science of molecular medicine.” (The Nucleus, January 2010) ""Molecules and Medicine is extremely well organized and integrates history, chemistry, biology, and pharmacology of drug development seamlessly."" (The Quarterly Review of Biology, September 2008) ""…I find this to be a useful book for somemone teaching a biochemistry class. Use of examples and information from Molecules and Medicine should make material in lectures seem more relevant to students and assist motivation for learning."" (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, May/June 2008) ""This is a treasure trove of information about molecules as medicines."" (Education in Chemistry, May 2008) ""Molecules and Medicine is an engaging book that takes the reader into the world of small molecule clinical therapeutics and how they are discovered and used to improve health."" (CHOICE, March 2008) ""…numerous colorful illustrations that help to explain the various topics covered make it easy and interesting reading."" (ChemBioChem, March 2008) ""Dieses Werk schlie?t eine Lucke in der didaktischen Literatur und wird in der Ausbildung von Wissenschaftlern enorm von Nutzen sein."" Angewandte Chemie, 2008, 120, 2203-2205"
