Cognition in Education

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COGNITION Introduction and Overview Information Processing Model of Human Cognition Consciousness or Working Memory Long-term Memory Declarative Memory Procedural Memory Summary of Key Ideas CHAPTER 2: ATTENTION AND PREPARING TO LEARN Attention Our attention is limited Attention and Learning People focus their attention on things that are novel, emotional, or physically distinct People focus their attention on relevant stimuli Using Knowledge of Attention: Student perspective Using Knowledge of Attention: Teacher perspective Ensuring students pay attention to information helps them learn Ensuring students avoid attending to distracting information Summary of Key Ideas CHAPTER 3: IMPROVING MEMORY Distributed Practice Distributed practice is more beneficial when there is a time gap between study episodes The distributed practice effect is more pronounced when there is a time gap between the last study episode and the final test Using Distributed Practice: Student perspective Using Distributed Practice: Teacher perspective Retrieval practice Retrieving information from memory is beneficial for learning When using retrieval practice, attempting to recall is more beneficial than attempting to recognize How much time should pass between initial study and retrieval practice? Using Retrieval Practice: Student perspective Using Retrieval Practice: Teacher perspective Summary of Key Ideas CHAPTER 4: IMPROVING COMPREHENSION Comprehension Generating Questions Generating high quality questions is beneficial for comprehension Elaborating and Explaining Text Generating explanations is beneficial for learning When encoding information, making information meaningful facilitates memory Graphic Organizers Completing a graphic organizer is beneficial for learning Improving Comprehension: Student perspective Improving Comprehension: Teacher perspective Summary of Key Ideas Conclusions GLOSSARY REFERENCES