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Dissatisfaction with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an indicator of a country's development or a population's wellbeing led to the development of the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI). The GPI is an aggregate index of over 20 economic, social and environmental indicators, and accounts for both the welfare benefits of economic growth, and the social and environmental costs which accompany that economic growth. The result is better information about the level of welfare or well-being of a country's population.
This book measures the GPI of Hong Kong and Singapore from 1968 to 2010. It finds that for both countries, economic output (as measured by the GDP) has grown more than welfare (as measured by the GPI), but important differences are also found. In Hong Kong, the GPI has grown for the whole period under consideration, while in Singapore the GPI has stalled from 1993. This is in line with most countries and is explained by the threshold hypothesis which states that beyond a certain level of economic development the benefits of further economic growth are outweighed by even higher environmental and social costs. The book argues that the growth of Hong Kong's GPI is due to its favourable relationship with China and in particular its ability to export low-wage jobs and polluting industries, rather than successful domestic policies. A stalling or shrinking GPI calls for alternative policies than the growth economy promoted by neoclassical economists, and the book explores an alternative model, that of the Steady State Economy (SSE).
By: Claudio O. Delang (Hong Kong Baptist University People's Republic of China), Yi Hang Yu (Ove Arup and Partners, Hong Kong)
Imprint: Routledge
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Dimensions: Height: 234mm, Width: 156mm,
Weight: 390g
ISBN: 9780367332853
ISBN 10: 036733285X
Series: Routledge Studies in Sustainable Development
Pages: 194
Publication Date: April 2019
Audience: College/higher education , Further / Higher Education
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active
1. Problems with the GDP 2. Alternatives to GDP 3. The GPI as an alternative indicator of welfare 4. Items used to calculate the GPI 5. The GPI of Hong Kong: results 6. The GPI of Singapore: results 7. The threshold hypothesis and the two city states 8. Towards a Steady State Economy
Claudio O. Delang is Assistant Professor at the Department of Geography of Hong Kong Baptist University. Yi Hang Yu is Researcher at the Department of Geography of Hong Kong Baptist University.
