Longman Academic Writing 3 4th Ed

To the Teacher....................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... xii Chapter Overview................................................................................................................xiii PART I: WRITING A PARAGRAPH Chapter 1 Academic Paragraphs...................................................................2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................3 Analyzing the Model......................................................................................................3 Noticing Vocabulary: Word Families ......................................................................4 Organization .................................................................................................................5 Formatting the Page.....................................................................................................6 Mechanics ...................................................................................................................10 Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................14 Simple Sentences.......................................................................................................14 Phrases.........................................................................................................................15 Subject-Verb Agreement............................................................................................16 Fragments.....................................................................................................................18 Applying Vocabulary: Using Nouns and Verbs.....................................................19 The Writing Process ................................................................................................21 Listing ...........................................................................................................................21 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about Someone Who Made a Difference......27 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................29 Expansion ....................................................................................................................29 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about Someone Who Taught You a Lesson.........29 Journal Writing.............................................................................................................30 Chapter 2 Narrative Paragraphs...................................................................31 Introduction .................................................................................................................32 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................32 Noticing Vocabulary: Compound Nouns...............................................................33 Organization ...............................................................................................................34 Time-Order Signals.....................................................................................................34 Purpose .........................................................................................................................38 Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................39 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................39 Compound Sentences................................................................................................40 Coordinating Conjunctions........................................................................................41 Punctuation .................................................................................................................44 Three Comma Rules...................................................................................................44 Applying Vocabulary: Using Compound Nouns...................................................46 Preparation for Writing ...........................................................................................46 Freewriting....................................................................................................................47 Writing Assignment: A Narrative Paragraph about a Memorable Experience....48 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................49 Expansion ....................................................................................................................49 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Time You Disobeyed Rules.......................49 Journal Writing.............................................................................................................50 Chapter 3 Basic Paragraph Structure......................................................51 Introduction .................................................................................................................52 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................52 Noticing Vocabulary: Adjectives ...........................................................................53 Organization ...............................................................................................................54 The Topic Sentence....................................................................................................54 Supporting Sentences: Main Points.........................................................................61 Supporting Details: Examples...................................................................................62 The Concluding Sentence..........................................................................................64 Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................69 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................69 Adjectives and Adverbs in Basic Sentences...........................................................70 Applying Vocabulary: Using Adjectives.................................................................72 Preparation for Writing ...........................................................................................73 Outlining........................................................................................................................73 The Detailed Outline....................................................................................................74 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about a Hobby or Sport...............................76 Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................77 Expansion ....................................................................................................................77 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Relaxing Activity.........................................77 Summary Writing.........................................................................................................78 Chapter 4 Logical Division of Ideas...........................................................79 Introduction .................................................................................................................80 Analyzing the Model....................................................................................................80 Noticing Vocabulary: Synonyms.............................................................................81 Organization ...............................................................................................................82 Logical Division of Ideas............................................................................................82 Unity in the Supporting Sentences of a Paragraph................................................85 Coherence in the Supporting Sentences of a Paragraph......................................86 Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................96 Run-ons and Comma Splices...................................................................................96 Correcting Run-ons and Comma Splices................................................................96 Finding Run-ons and Comma Splices.....................................................................96 Applying Vocabulary: Using Synonyms and Near Synonyms............................99 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about Shopping Habits................................99 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................100 Expansion ..................................................................................................................101 Timed Writing: A Paragraph for Students about Shopping...............................101 Summary Writing.......................................................................................................101 Chapter 5 Process Paragraphs...................................................................102 Introduction ...............................................................................................................103 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................103 Noticing Vocabulary: Phrasal Verbs.....................................................................104 Organization .............................................................................................................105 Topic Sentences in Process Paragraphs...............................................................105 Supporting Sentences in Process Paragraphs.....................................................105 Concluding Sentences in Process Paragraphs....................................................105 Using Time Order in Process Paragraphs.............................................................106 Purpose .......................................................................................................................109 Audience ....................................................................................................................109 Sentence Structure ................................................................................................110 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................110 Clauses and Complex Sentences...........................................................................112 Applying Vocabulary: Using Phrasal Verbs.........................................................117 Writing Assignment: A Process Paragraph about Self-Improvement.............118 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................119 Expansion ..................................................................................................................120 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about Learning English Vocabulary.....................120 Email to a Professor..................................................................................................120 Chapter 6 Definition Paragraphs................................................................121 Introduction ...............................................................................................................122 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................122 Noticing Vocabulary: Word Knowledge...............................................................123 Organization .............................................................................................................124 Sentence Structure ................................................................................................128 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................128 Appositives.................................................................................................................129 Adjective Clauses......................................................................................................131 Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses.........................................................133 Applying Vocabulary: Using Word Knowledge...................................................142 Preparation for Writing .........................................................................................143 Clustering...................................................................................................................143 Writing Assignment: A Paragraph That Defines a Word, Concept, or Custom....144 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................145 Expansion ..................................................................................................................146 Timed Writing: A Paragraph That Defines Family................................................146 Paraphrasing..............................................................................................................146 Chapter 7 Cause / Effect Paragraphs.....................................................148 Introduction ...............................................................................................................149 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................149 Noticing Vocabulary: Prefixes...............................................................................150 Organization .............................................................................................................151 Topic Sentences in Cause / Effect Paragraphs....................................................151 Supporting Sentences in Cause / Effect Paragraphs..........................................152 Concluding Sentences in Cause / Effect Paragraphs..........................................152 Sentence Structure ................................................................................................160 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................160 Cause / Effect Transition Signals............................................................................161 Applying Vocabulary: Using Prefixes...................................................................167 Writing Assignment: A Cause / Effect Paragraph about a Social Issue.........168 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................169 Expansion ..................................................................................................................169 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about the Positive Effects of Walking..................169 Double-Entry Journal Writing..................................................................................170 Chapter 8 Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs................................171 Introduction ...............................................................................................................172 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................172 Noticing Vocabulary: Antonyms...........................................................................173 Organization .............................................................................................................174 Topic Sentences in Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs.....................................175 Supporting Sentences in Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs...........................175 Concluding Sentences in Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs..........................176 Sentence Structure ................................................................................................182 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................182 Transition Signals for Comparison..........................................................................183 Transition Signals for Contrast................................................................................187 Applying Vocabulary: Using Antonyms................................................................190 Preparation for Writing .........................................................................................191 Conducting an Interview..........................................................................................191 Writing Assignment: A Comparison / Contrast Paragraph about Education....194 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................195 Expansion ..................................................................................................................195 Timed Writing: A Paragraph about Your Education vs. a Parent’s....................195 Double-Entry Journal Writing..................................................................................196 PART II: WRITING AN ESSAY Chapter 9 Essay Organization......................................................................198 Introduction ...............................................................................................................199 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................199 Noticing Vocabulary: Formal and Informal Words.............................................201 Organization .............................................................................................................202 Introductory Paragraphs..........................................................................................203 Body Paragraphs.......................................................................................................205 Concluding Paragraphs............................................................................................206 Transitions between Paragraphs.............................................................................209 Essay Outlining..........................................................................................................213 The Writing Process ..............................................................................................215 Applying Vocabulary: Using Formal and Informal Vocabulary.........................218 Writing Assignment: An Essay about Nonverbal Communication..................219 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................220 Expansion ..................................................................................................................221 Timed Writing: An Essay about Body Language in Your Native Culture..........221 Summary Writing.......................................................................................................221 Chapter 10 Opinion Essays............................................................................222 Introduction ...............................................................................................................223 Analyzing the Model..................................................................................................223 Noticing Vocabulary: Collocations.......................................................................225 Organization .............................................................................................................226 Introductory Paragraphs in Opinion Essays..........................................................226 Body Paragraphs in Opinion Essays......................................................................228 Concluding Paragraphs in Opinion Essays...........................................................230 Developing Supporting Details .........................................................................230 Quotations..................................................................................................................230 Statistics.....................................................................................................................232 Applying Vocabulary: Using Collocations...........................................................235 Preparation for Writing .........................................................................................236 Conducting a Survey................................................................................................236 Writing Assignment: An Opinion Essay about Getting a Good Education.......237 Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................238 Expansion ..................................................................................................................238 Timed Writing: An Opinion Essay about Homework...........................................238 Writing an Opinion for Publication..........................................................................239 APPENDICES Appendix A Grammar Terms....................................................................................240 Appendix B Sentence Types and Connecting Words..........................................243 Appendix C Connecting Words and Transition Signals.......................................246 Appendix D Punctuation Rules................................................................................248 Appendix E Correction Symbols.............................................................................250 Appendix F Peer Review and Writer’s Self-Check Worksheets..........................253 Index....................................................................................................................................274 Credits.................................................................................................................................279