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Leaders in the Middle East and North Africa

How Ideology Shapes Foreign Policy

Özgür Özdamar (Bilkent University, Ankara) Sercan Canbolat (University of Connecticut)

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English
Cambridge University Press
05 June 2025
The study of politics in the MENA region has traditionally been dominated by historical and case study approaches. In this innovative book, Özgür Özdamar and Sercan Canbolat instead adopt a social science-based methodology to reconsider the dynamics of power and leadership in Africa and the Middle East. By analysing the psychological profiles of fourteen leaders across eight countries and three non-state organizations, they develop a nuanced portrait of modern leadership. Using this approach, the authors are able to draw connections between apparently disparate political ideologies, from Sunni Islamism to Shia revolutionism, from secular nationalism and armed non-state groups. Demonstrating the previously unacknowledged commonalities and divergences in these leaders' approaches, Özdamar and Canbolat illuminate their tactics and strategies and offer novel insights into how best to negotiate with them.
By:   ,
Imprint:   Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication:   United Kingdom
ISBN:   9781009077064
ISBN 10:   1009077066
Pages:   206
Publication Date:  
Audience:   General/trade ,  ELT Advanced
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
1. Political ideology and foreign policy decision-making in the Middle East and North Africa: an operational code approach; 2. Political Islam and Sunni ideology: Muslim Brotherhood leadership; 3. Political Islam and Shia ideology: Iranian and Iraqi leadership; 4. Secularist leaders in the Levant: Syrian, Israeli and Lebanese leadership; 5. Armed non-state actors' foreign policy: PKK, PYD, Hezbollah, and ISIS leaders in the Middle East and North Africa; 6. Leaders, foreign policy decision-making, and international relations; 7. Policy implications and future research; References; Index.

Özgür Özdamar is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of International Relations at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey. From 2019-2020, he was a visiting Fulbright Scholar at the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University in Washington DC. He currently serves as Director of Research at the Center for Foreign Policy and Peace Studies of Bilkent University. He has previously published two books, An Expected Utility Approach to Energy Security in Eurasia (2017) and Role Theory in the MENA (co-authored, 2019). Sercan Canbolat is a Fulbright PhD Candidate in Political Science at the University of Connecticut. His work has been published in International Studies Review, Political Research Quarterly, Polity and Canadian Foreign Policy Journal. For his well-received scholarly works, he was awarded the 2018 Polity Prize by the Northeastern Political Science Association and the 2020 and 2021 Margaret G. Hermann Awards by the International Studies Association.

Reviews for Leaders in the Middle East and North Africa: How Ideology Shapes Foreign Policy

'This book bears all the hallmarks of an instant classic. To what extent are the foreign policies of MENA nations influenced by the personalities and personal beliefs of their leaders? The authors answer that question with a wide-ranging operational code analysis of historical and contemporary MENA leaders. This volume will be of immense interest to scholars and foreign policymakers alike.' Valerie Hudson, Texas A&M University 'This is a breakthrough in the study of leadership in the Middle East and North Africa. Operational code analysis is applied to gain insights into how political Islam and other factors shape foreign policy. The book is essential reading for scholars of MENA and international relations in general.' Patrick James, University of Southern California 'This book is an excellent example of how combining foreign policy analysis with regional expertise sharpens the analysis of international relations. Özdamar and Canbolat put leaders front and centre to make significant contributions to our understanding of the dynamics in the region and to multiple areas of scholarship.' Julie Kaarbo, University of Edinburgh 'The authors of this pathbreaking volume show how key operational code beliefs regarding the exercise of power vary across MENA leaders with the same ideology and between groups with different ideologies to account for their distinct foreign policy decisions and approaches to important regional and global issues in world politics.' Stephen G. Walker, Arizona State University


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