Police have remarkably broad discretion to use deadly force. Evidence shows that more than 1,000 shooting deaths occur each year at the hands of the police in the United States, disproportionately in minority communities and often under questionable circumstances. Despite public outrage, there continue to be obstacles to assessing the extent of bias and addressing the harms of police violence, including a lack of transparency and limitations on access to data.
Justice Required is a groundbreaking quantitative and qualitative investigation of police violence. Robert J. Durán and Oralia Loza provide a comprehensive data analysis of all police shootings in Denver, Colorado, over nearly forty years, highlighting persistent patterns of racial and ethnic inequality. They examine the institutional and political dynamics that thwart efforts to hold police officers accountable after controversial incidents. Durán and Loza contextualize the data with regional comparisons and enliven the analysis with vivid storytelling. Justice Required argues that while police shootings are typically treated as a criminal justice issue, they should be understood as a public health problem. Rigorous and urgent, this book provides evidence-based, data-driven solutions to prevent further loss of life and promote accountability.
By:
Robert J. Durán (Assistant Professor),
Oralia Loza
Imprint: Columbia University Press
Country of Publication: United States [Currently unable to ship to USA: see Shipping Info]
Dimensions:
Height: 229mm,
Width: 152mm,
ISBN: 9780231202114
ISBN 10: 0231202113
Pages: 368
Publication Date: 07 October 2025
Audience:
Professional and scholarly
,
College/higher education
,
Undergraduate
,
Further / Higher Education
Format: Paperback
Publisher's Status: Active
Preface Introduction 1. The Context of Police Shootings and Protest: Denver 2. Divergent Life Chances for Gettin’ Shot by the Police 3. Two Trigger Fingers: An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Differences 4. Types of Shootings: Problematic, Questionable, and Less Controversial 5. Law Enforcement Officers and the Pristine Fourteen 6. A Public Health Problem for the United States: Places, Practices, and Policies 7. Accountability Through Legislative Action, Institutional Policies, and Research Conclusion Acknowledgments Appendix 1: Data Sources and Analysis Appendix 2: Data Tables Notes Bibliography Index
Robert J. Durán is an associate professor of sociology at Texas A&M University. He is the author of The Gang Paradox: Inequalities and Miracles on the U.S.-Mexico Border (2018) and Gang Life in Two Cities: An Insider’s Journey (2013), both published by Columbia University Press. Oralia Loza is a professor of public health and interdisciplinary health sciences in the College of Health Sciences at the University of Texas, El Paso. Their research focuses on drug use, sexual risk, barriers to care, and sexual and gender minorities on the US-Mexico border.
Reviews for Justice Required: Police Shootings as Legalized Violence
A critical analysis of how racism and classism shape fatal police violence, Justice Required expands our understanding of what has constituted the standard of “objective reasonableness” and probable cause in violence by law enforcement. Durán and Loza have written a well-theorized and scrupulously researched book that is a significant contribution to sociology and public health. -- Demar F. Lewis IV, University of Maryland.
