Jacaranda Science Quest 8 Australian Curriculum, 4e learnON and Print

About this resource vii Acknowledgements xiv Science Inquiry 1 Investigating Science 1 1.1 Overview 2 1.2 Investigating skills 5 1.3 SkillBuilder — Measuring and reading scales 1.4 SkillBuilder — Using a Bunsen burner 1.5 Planning your own investigation 12 1.6 SkillBuilder — Writing an aim and forming a hypothesis 1.7 Record keeping and research 19 1.8 Controlling variables 23 1.9 SkillBuilder — Controlled, dependent and independent variables 1.10 Scientific reports 29 1.11 Presenting your data 33 1.12 SkillBuilder — Constructing a pie chart 1.13 SkillBuilder — Creating a simple column or bar graph 1.14 SkillBuilder — Drawing a line graph 1.15 Using data loggers 45 1.16 Famous scientists 48 1.17 Project — An inspiration for the future 52 1.18 Review 53 2 Language of Learning 2.1 Overview 2.2 Problem solving with thinking hats 2.3 The language of understanding 2.4 At first glance 2.5 Coded communication 2.6 Telling tales 2.7 Cartoon quest 2.8 Unlocking meaning 2.9 Total recall? 2.10 Thinking tools — Venn diagrams 2.11 Review Biological Sciences 3 Cells — The Basic Units of Life 63 3.1 Overview 64 3.2 A whole new world 66 3.3 Focusing on a small world 72 3.4 Form and function — cell make-up 80 3.5 Zooming in on life 89 3.6 Focus on animal cells 95 3.7 Focus on plant cells 99 3.8 Plant cells — holding, carrying and guarding 103 3.9 Understanding cells to help humans 112 3.10 Thinking tools — Target maps and single bubble maps 116 3.11 Review 119 4 Systems — Living Connections 129 4.1 Overview 130 4.2 Driven by curiosity? 132 4.3 Working together? 139 4.4 Digestive system — break it down 150 4.5 Digestive endeavours 162 4.6 Circulatory system — blood highways 168 4.7 Transport technology 179 4.8 Respiratory system — breathe in, breathe out 187 4.9 Short of breath? 198 4.10 Excretory system 206 4.11 Musculoskeletal system — keeping in shape 214 4.12 Same job, different path 223 4.13 Thinking tools — Flowcharts and cycle maps 235 4.14 Review 236 Chemical Sciences 5 Elements, Compounds and Mixtures 255 5.1 Overview 256 5.2 It’s elementary 259 5.3 Elements — The inside story 263 5.4 Types of elements and the periodic table 270 5.5 Compounding the situation 281 5.6 Thinking tools — Affinity diagrams 294 5.7 Project — Science TV 297 5.8 Review 298 6 Chemical Change 307 6.1 Overview 308 6.2 Physical and chemical properties 311 6.3 Chemical and physical changes 315 6.4 Chemical reactions 319 6.5 Chemical reactions and energy 326 6.6 Corrosion 334 6.7 Combustion 340 6.8 Indicators of chemical change in our everyday world 344 6.9 Plastics and fibres 350 6.10 Recycling 356 6.11 Thinking tools — Target maps 363 6.12 Review 365 Earth and Space Sciences 7 Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks 375 7.1 Overview 376 7.2 Rocks and minerals 378 7.3 Mining for metals 384 7.4 Igneous — the ‘hot’ rocks 389 7.5 Sedimentary — the ‘deposited’ rocks 398 7.6 Metamorphic — the ‘changed’ rocks 406 7.7 Rock technology 415 7.8 Geologic history 419 7.9 Questioning and predicting the extinction of dinosaurs 428 7.10 Thinking tools — Fishbone diagrams and tree maps 434 7.11 Review 436 8 Dynamic Earth 447 8.1 Overview 448 8.2 Introduction to Earth 450 8.3 The theory of plate tectonics 457 8.4 Plate boundaries 464 8.5 Folding and faulting 472 8.6 Earthquakes 478 8.7 Volcanoes 488 8.8 Human response to tectonic events 496 8.9 Thinking tools — Double bubble maps 503 8.10 Project — Disaster-proof 505 8.11 Review 506 Physical Sciences 9 Energy 515 9.1 Overview 516 9.2 Different forms of energy 518 9.3 Transforming energy 527 9.4 Having fun with energy 548 9.5 Thinking tools — Matrices and Venn diagrams 554 9.6 Project — Going green 556 9.7 Review 558 Periodic table 564 Glossary 566 Index 579