Jacaranda Science Quest 9 for Western Australia, learnON and Print

About this resource vii Acknowledgements xv Biological Sciences 1 Adaptations 1 1.1 Overview 2 1.2 Vertebrate adaptations to different ecosystems 4 1.3 Plant adaptations to different ecosystems 12 1.4 Plant adaptations to bushfires 18 1.5 Adaptations for water conservation 24 1.6 Adaptations for obtaining food 32 1.7 Review 43 2 Organisms' responses to change 47 2.1 Overview 48 2.2 Endotherms and ectotherms 50 2.3 Plant responses to environmental stimuli 58 2.4 Integrated plant responses — when tropisms compete 62 2.5 Review 70 3 Population 73 3.1 Overview 74 3.2 Abiotic and biotic factors in ecosystems 76 3.3 Sampling techniques for population estimation 86 3.4 Ecological monitoring and ecosystem health 95 3.5 Human impact and sustainable ecosystem management 108 3.6 Review 124 Chemical Sciences 4 Inside the atom 127 4.1 Overview 128 4.2 Chemical building blocks 130 4.3 Isotopes and radioactivity 138 4.4 Using radioactivity 149 4.5 Review 163 Physical Sciences 5 Elements of the periodic table 167 5.1 Overview 168 5.2 Introducing the periodic table 169 5.3 Chemical formulas 174 5.4 Chemical tests 180 5.5 Representing atoms 188 5.6 Developing the periodic table 191 5.7 Periodic table trends 196 5.8 Review 206 6 Compounds 209 6.1 Overview 210 6.2 Atomic structure 212 6.3 Ionic compounds 219 6.4 Covalent compounds 226 6.5 Metals and metal structure 234 6.6 Review 245 7 Chemical reactions 249 7.1 Overview 250 7.2 Rearranging atoms and molecules 252 7.3 The Law of Conservation of Mass 258 7.4 Balancing chemical equations 264 7.5 Chemical reactions in everyday life 271 7.6 Elements in disguise 283 7.7 Review 290 Earth and Space Sciences 8 Earth's interrelated systems 293 8.1 Overview 294 8.2 Global systems 296 8.3 Climate change 312 8.4 Changes in global climate over time 322 8.5 Review 334 9 Sound waves and light 337 9.1 Overview 338 9.2 Matter and energy — waves 340 9.3 Energy transfer by sound 345 9.4 Energy transfer by light 359 9.5 Wave behaviour of light 366 9.6 Review 388 Discovering Science 10 Discovering science — The inquiry process 391 10.1 Overview 392 10.2 Observing 394 10.3 Measuring and reading scales 400 10.4 Questioning and predicting 403 10.5 Controlled, dependent and independent variables 407 10.6 Writing an aim and forming a hypothesis 409 10.7 Planning valid investigations 411 10.8 Planning safe and ethical investigations 415 10.9 Conducting investigations 420 10.10 Presenting data 425 10.11 Drawing a line graph 433 10.12 Creating a simple column or bar graph 436 10.13 Using a spreadsheet 440 10.14 Processing and analysing data 443 10.15 Using information to solve problems 450 10.16 Communicating 456 10.17 Review 462 Glossary 467 Index 476