Jacaranda Core Science Stage 5 NSW Australian Curriculum, 2e learnON & Print

About this book ix Acknowledgements xii 1 All Under Control 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Systems keeping cells alive 3 1.3 Keeping things balanced 8 1.4 Detecting change 11 1.5 Fast control! 16 1.6 Brain power 22 1.7 Scientific research — spinal injuries 25 1.8 Slow control 32 1.9 Hormones and reproduction 34 1.10 Review 39 2 Medical Science 43 2.1 Overview 43 2.2 Catch us if you can 45 2.3 Healthy living 49 2.4 Putting up defences 55 2.5 Immunity 58 2.6 Increasing immunisation rates 63 2.7 Epidemic alert 66 2.8 Controlling fertility 71 2.9 Reproductive technology 77 2.10 Reproduction in the news 82 2.11 Review 85 3 Electricity at Work 90 3.1 Overview 90 3.2 Electric circuits 92 3.3 Electricity at home 106 3.4 Meeting our future electricity needs 117 3.5 Project: Go-Go Gadget online shop 128 3.6 Review 129 4 Invisible Waves 134 4.1 Overview 134 4.2 Waves — carriers of energy 136 4.3 Light 149 4.4 Colour vision 158 4.5 The communication revolution 169 4.6 Project: Did you hear that? 184 4.7 Review 185 5 Chemistry — the Inside Story 190 5.1 Overview 190 5.2 Chemical building blocks 192 5.3 All charged up! 195 5.4 Searching for patterns 200 5.5 Periodic patterns 204 5.6 Ionic compounds 208 5.7 Covalent compounds 212 5.8 Finding the right formula 215 5.9 Project: The mystery metal 219 5.10 Review 221 6 Radioactivity: A Two-Edged Sword 225 6.1 Overview 225 6.2 Pioneers of radiation 227 6.3 Radioactive isotopes 230 6.4 Radiation 235 6.5 Helpful radiation 239 6.6 Energy from the atom 243 6.7 The dark side of radiation 248 6.8 Review 254 7 Chemical Reactions 258 7.1 Overview 258 7.2 Describing chemical reactions 260 7.3 The language of chemical equations 263 7.4 Hot and cold changes 266 7.5 Acids and bases 271 7.6 Salty substances 277 7.7 Precipitation reactions 280 7.8 Metal displacement reactions 283 7.9 Reactions everywhere! 285 7.10 Seeing the light! 289 7.11 Taking care with chemicals 292 7.12 Project: ChemQuiz! 297 7.13 Review 298 8 The Dynamic Earth 302 8.1 Overview 302 8.2 Continents on the move 303 8.3 Plate tectonics 307 8.4 Rocks under pressure 313 8.5 Shake, rattle and roll! 317 8.6 Mountains of fire 324 8.7 Project: Disaster-proof 332 8.8 Review 334 9 On the Move 337 9.1 Overview 337 9.2 How far is it? 338 9.3 Ready, set, go! 342 9.4 Speed up, slow down 351 9.5 Inertia — Newton’s first law 353 9.6 Acceleration and Newton’s second law 357 9.7 Forces in pairs — Newton’s third law 360 9.8 Making cars safer 363 9.9 Project: Rock’n’roller-coaster 366 9.10 Review 368 10 The Mysterious Universe 372 10.1 Overview 372 10.2 Stars and constellations 374 10.3 The life cycle of stars 380 10.4 The Milky Way and beyond 385 10.5 Eyes on the skies 391 10.6 The evolving universe 396 10.7 Review 403 11 Genetics 406 11.1 Overview 406 11.2 It’s in the genes  408 11.3 Cell division 413 11.4 It all started with peas 419 11.5 Different in so many ways 422 11.6 DNA: the blueprint of life 428 11.7 Mutations 434 11.8 Genetics at work 438 11.9 Manipulating DNA 443 11.10 Send in the clones 448 11.11 Project: The gene lab 452 11.12 Review 453 12 Life Goes On 458 12.1 Overview 458 12.2 Life has changed 460 12.3 Tracks through time 464 12.4 Analysing the fossil record 469 12.5 The theory of evolution 473 12.6 Natural selection 477 12.7 Speciation 482 12.8 Where is the evidence? 488 12.9 It’s all about genes 492 12.10 Project: Natural Selection — the board game! 495 12.11 Review 497 13 Ecology 502 13.1 Overview 502 13.2 Features of the local ecosystem 504 13.3 How many are left? 508 13.4 Ecosystems are solar powered 514 13.5 The flow of energy in ecosystems 520 13.6 Cycling of materials in ecosystems 524 13.7 Keeping track of species 528 13.8 Inspired by traditional owners 532 13.9 It’s all about balance 538 13.10 Different perspectives 544 13.11 Review 546 14 Global Systems 551 14.1 Overview 551 14.2 Revisiting cycles and spheres   553 14.3 Patterns, order and organisation: climate patterns 559 14.4 Global warming  562 14.5 Heating up for Thermageddon? 568 14.6 Some cool solutions 573 14.7 Global warming — believe it or not? 577 14.8 Ozone alert 581 14.9 Biodiversity and climate change 586 14.10 Biosphere 2 591 14.11 Project: The fifty years after 596 14.12 Review 598 15 Student Research Project and Skills 602 15.1 Overview 602 15.2 Before you start: safety and ethics 604 15.3 Planning your investigation 609 15.4 Designing your investigation 613 15.5 Gathering and presenting first-hand data 617 15.6 Using technology: data loggers and data collection probes 622 15.7 Using technology: spreadsheets and databases 625 15.8 Writing your report 630 15.9 Sample SRP 633 Glossary 638 Index 652