Expert guidance on technologies to build the Internet of Things (IoT) from electrical engineering and power industry perspectives
IoT for Smart Grid presents advanced Internet of Things (IoT) technologies that are utilized in various aspects of smart electrical systems, especially monitoring, diagnosis, automation, and industrial evolution, from the point of view of both electrical engineering and power industry facilities and resources.
The book describes how IoT has expanded the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) to play a vital role in connecting power industry facilities and resources to reduce energy consumption and costs. It also explores concepts of e-mobility that include smart parking, vehicle monitoring, and charging, and considers future challenges such as security and privacy concerns in transactive systems and scalability and standardization issues.
Later chapters describe communication protocols for transactive IoT, smart grid integration, cybersecurity challenges, smart energy management, and more. Relevant examples and practical case studies are included to enrich and reinforce learning.
Edited by a team of highly qualified professionals in the field, IoT for Smart Grid explores additional topics such as:
MQTT, CoAP, and other protocols in transactive systems and WSN diagnostic tools for ensuring reliability and performance The role of sensors and actuators in transactive models and significance of transactive IoT in modern applications Remote control and automation in smart grids, utilizing IoT for demand response programs, load shifting strategies, and dynamic pricing models and IoT integration
IoT for Smart Grid is a definitive reference for identifying and applying advanced technologies and concepts and a highly valuable learning resource for students, researchers, consultants, and utility engineers in the design, use, and maintenance of electrical power systems.
About the Editors xxvii List of Contributors xxxi 1 Introduction to the Internet of Things 1 Anbazhagan Lavanya, Jayachandran Divya Navamani, and Rahiman Zahira 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Evolution of IoT 2 1.3 Need for IoT 3 1.4 Energy Management 4 1.5 Main Components Used in IoT 5 1.6 IoT Devices 6 1.7 IoT Characteristics 7 1.8 IoT Market Share 11 1.9 Conclusion 14 References 15 2 IoT Fundamentals: Platforms, Architectures, and Sensor Technologies 17 Naseer Ahamed Javed, Yogesh Rajkumar, and Kallankurichy P. Kaliyamurthie 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Overview of IoT System Architectures and Design Principles 17 2.3 Exploring IoT/M2M Systems and Their Role in Connectivity 23 2.4 Introduction to Sensors and Transducers in IoT 25 2.5 LoWPAN Network Management Protocol (LNMP) 27 2.6 WSN Diagnostic Tools: Ensuring Reliability and Performance 29 2.7 Overview of IoT Communication Technologies 31 2.8 Practical Applications of IoT Platforms, Sensor Technologies and Communication Protocols 34 References 40 3 Communication Protocols for Transactive IoT 43 A. Kamalasegaran, G. Kabilan, and P. Sriramalakshmi 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Transactive Systems in Smart Grids 43 3.3 MQTT, CoAP, and Other Protocols in Transactive Systems 45 3.4 Data Distribution Service (DDS) 49 3.5 Edge Computing and Real-Time Implementation 50 3.6 Reliability and Scalability 54 3.7 Case Studies and Real-Life Implementations 57 3.8 Conclusion 58 References 59 4 Transactive IoT: Merging Transactions and Connectivity 63 Burhan Khan, Aabid A. Mir, Naser S. Almutairi, and Khang W. Goh 4.1 Introduction 63 4.2 IoT Integration with Transactive Models 64 4.3 Transactive IoT in Modern Applications 66 4.4 Economic and Market-Based Approaches 71 4.5 Transactive IoT System Architecture 73 4.6 Challenges and Solutions 78 4.7 Conclusion 81 References 82 5 IoT Devices in Transactive System 87 G. Jagadish and P. Sriramalakshmi 5.1 Introduction 87 5.2 Integration of IoT Devices for Data Collection 88 5.3 Role of Sensor 90 5.4 Sensor Types 91 5.5 Role of Sensors During Data Collection 92 5.6 Role of Actuators 93 5.7 Challenges Faced in Device Connectivity 95 5.8 Challenges in Data Security 96 5.9 Conclusion 101 References 101 6 IoT in Power Electronics: Transforming the Future of Energy Management 107 Dhandapani Lakshmi, Rahiman Zahira, Vallikanu Pramila, Gunasekaran Ezhilarasi, Rajesh K. Padmashini, Palanisamy Sivaraman, and Chenniappan Sharmeela 6.1 Introduction to IoT in Power Electronics 107 6.2 IoT in Power Conversion: Enhancing Efficiency and Reliability 112 6.3 Introduction to IIoT-Driven Automation 115 6.4 Future Prospects of IoT in Power Conversion 116 6.5 Regulatory and Standardization Considerations 119 6.6 IoT in Power Transmission for Long Distance 119 6.7 Conclusion 123 References 124 7 Harnessing IoT: Transforming Smart Grid Advancements 127 Pijush K. Dutta Pramanik, Bijoy K. Upadhyaya, Ajay Kushwaha, and Debashish Bhowmik 7.1 Introduction to Smart Grid and IoT Integration 127 7.2 Architecture of a Smart Grid IoT System 131 7.3 Remote Control and Automation in Smart Grids 137 7.4 Automated Load Shifting Strategies Using IoT 141 7.5 IoT Applications for Real-Time Monitoring of Smart Grids 142 7.6 Challenges in Implementing IoT in Smart Grids 151 7.7 Economics of IoT-Enabled Smart Grid 154 7.8 Smart Grid in India 167 7.9 Conclusions 169 References 170 8 Cybersecurity Challenges in Smart Grid IoT 175 Zain Buksh, Neeraj A. Sharma, Rishal Chand, Jashnil Kumar, and A. B. M. Shawkat Ali 8.1 Introduction 175 8.2 Research Background 178 8.3 Cybersecurity Challenges in Smart Grid IoT 183 8.4 Case Studies and Real-World Examples 194 8.5 Future Trends and Considerations 200 8.6 Conclusions 201 References 202 9 IoT-Based Monitoring for Substations 207 Rajesh K. Padmashini, Dhandapani Lakshmi, Rajasekharan Rajasree, Janarthanan N. Rajesh Kumar, Rahiman Zahira, Palanisamy Sivaraman, and Chenniappan Sharmeela 9.1 Introduction to IoT-Based Monitoring for Substations 207 9.2 Components of Substation Automation and Monitoring 208 9.3 Architecture of Substation Automation 209 9.4 The Need for IoT in Substation Monitoring 210 9.5 Automation and Control in Substation Environment 211 9.6 Substation Automation and Monitoring 213 9.7 Examples 215 9.8 Others 217 9.9 Conclusion 218 References 218 10 IoT Application in Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Electrical Systems 221 Ravichandran Karthick Manoj, Dhandapani Lakshmi, Rajasekharan Rajasree, Sukumaran Aasha Nandhini, Palanisamy Sivaraman, and Rahiman Zahira 10.1 Introduction 221 10.2 Importance of Condition Monitoring (CM) in Electrical Systems 222 10.3 Enhancing Reliability and Performance of Condition Monitoring 223 10.4 Proactive Maintenance Strategies Enabled by Condition Monitoring 223 10.5 Methods of Condition Monitoring 224 10.6 Implementation of Vibration Analysis 225 10.7 Vibration 226 10.8 What Can Vibration Analysis Detect? 229 10.9 Block Diagram of Vibration Monitoring System 231 10.10 Industrial Applications of Vibration Analysis 232 10.11 Advantages of Vibration Analysis for Condition Monitoring in Electrical Systems 234 10.12 Disadvantages of Vibration Analysis for Condition Monitoring in Electrical Systems 234 10.13 Importance of Fault Diagnosis in Electrical System 235 10.14 Integration with IoT of Conditional Monitoring Electrical System 236 10.15 Real-Time Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance 237 10.16 Energy Management and Asset Performance Optimization 238 10.17 Safety, Compliance, and Future Trends 239 10.18 Future Trends in IoT Application in Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Electrical Systems 239 References 240 11 IoT-Powered Robust Anomaly Detection and CNN-Enabled Predictive Maintenance to Enhance Solar PV System Performance 243 Kumaresa P. Punitha 11.1 Introduction 243 11.2 IoT Application in Condition Monitoring 244 11.3 IoT Application in Fault Prediction 245 11.4 Overview of Solar PV System Faults 245 11.5 Need for IoT and CNN Algorithm for Anomaly Detection of Solar PV System 247 11.6 System Description 248 11.7 Proposed Algorithm 248 11.8 Results and Discussion 249 11.9 Conclusion 254 References 254 12 Advancements in Smart Energy Management: Enhancing Efficiency Through Advanced Metering Infrastructure and Energy Monitoring 257 S. Nazrin Salma, A. Niyas Ahamed, and G. Srinivasan 12.1 Introduction to Smart Energy Management 257 12.2 Evolution of Energy Management Systems 258 12.3 Traditional Energy Management 258 12.4 Transition to Smart Grids 259 12.5 Role of Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure 260 12.6 Effects on Contemporary Energy Systems 260 12.7 Digital Innovations in Energy Management 260 12.8 Smart Meters: Empowering Consumers 263 12.9 Revolutionizing Energy Consumption 263 12.10 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI): Streamlining Energy 264 12.11 Case Studies of Successful AMI Implementations 264 12.12 Energy Monitoring and Management 265 12.13 Examples of Energy Management Practices 266 12.14 Illustrations and Case Studies in the Practical Application of Smart Energy Management 266 12.15 Optimization of Urban Grids and IoT Devices 266 12.16 Challenges and Opportunities in Smart Energy 267 12.17 Opportunities for Advancements 268 12.18 Real-Time Optimization 268 12.19 Automated Decision-Making 268 12.20 Enhancing Efficiency and Reliability 269 12.21 Real-Time Optimization of Storage Solutions 269 12.22 Managing Variability and Intermittency 269 12.23 Grid Resilience and Stability 270 12.24 Insights into Potential Vulnerabilities 270 12.25 Automation of Grid Operations 270 12.26 Regulatory Frameworks and Policies 271 12.27 Conclusion: The Future of Smart Energy Management 271 References 272 13 IoT for Power Quality Applications 275 Rahiman Zahira, Dhandapani Lakshmi, Shanmugasundaram Logeshkumar, Palanisamy Sivaraman, Chenniappan Sharmeela, and Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban 13.1 Introduction to Power Quality in Modern Electrical Systems 275 13.2 Power Quality Standards 276 13.3 Power Quality Solutions 277 13.4 IOT for Power Quality 280 13.5 The Role of IoT in Enhancing Power Quality 281 13.6 Architecture for Power Quality Management Using IoT 282 13.7 IoT Architecture for Smart Grid and Power Quality Applications 283 13.8 IoT Sensors and Devices for Power Quality Monitoring 286 13.9 Conclusions 287 References 288 14 An IoT and 1D Convolutional Neural Network-Based Method for Smart Building Energy Management 291 Aleena Swetapadma, Nalini P. Behera, Harsh Saran, and Saurav Kumar 14.1 Introduction 291 14.2 One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network 292 14.3 Proposed Method 292 14.4 Result 296 14.5 Discussion 298 14.6 Conclusion 299 References 299 15 IoT for E-Mobility 301 Shanmugasundaram Logeshkumar, Krishnakumar Shanmugasundaram, Rahiman Zahira, Palanisamy Sivaraman, and Chenniappan Sharmeela Introduction 301 15.1 What Is IoT for E-Mobility? 301 15.2 Benefits of IoT for E-Mobility 302 15.3 Challenges of IoT for E-Mobility 302 15.4 The Future of IoT for E-Mobility 303 15.5 Various Considerations and Possibilities of IoT for E-Mobility 304 15.6 Conclusion 331 References 332 16 Standards for Internet of Things (IoT) 335 Mohamed Mustafa Mohamed Iqbal, Balasubramanian Nandhan, Sakthivel Sruthi, Ravikumar Mithra, Rajagopal Logesh Krishna, Rahiman Zahira, Balan Gunapriya, and Veerasamy Balaji 16.1 Introduction 335 16.2 Smart Grid, Smart Transportation, and Smart Cities 336 16.3 Standardization of IoT Environment 337 16.4 IoT Standards in Healthcare 338 16.5 IoT Standards in Agriculture and Food Industry 341 16.6 IoT Standards in Smart Home and Industrial Automation 347 16.7 IoT Standards for Disaster Management 351 16.8 IoT Standards in Cybersecurity and Data Science Domain 353 16.9 Research Scope for Future Work 355 16.10 Conclusion 355 References 356 17 Challenges and Future Directions 363 Burhan Khan, Aabid A. Mir, Nur F.L.M. Rosely, and Khang W. Goh 17.1 Introduction 363 17.2 Security and Privacy Concerns in Transactive Systems 366 17.3 Scalability and Standardization Issues 370 17.4 Emerging Trends in Transactive IoT 373 17.5 Future Developments in Transactive IoT 376 17.6 Policy, Regulation, and Ethical Considerations 378 17.7 Conclusion 380 References 382 Index 387
Rahiman Zahira, PhD, SMIEEE, is an Associate Professor at B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India. Palanisamy Sivaraman, SMIEEE, is a Research Scholar at Anna University, Chennai, India. Chenniappan Sharmeela, PhD, SMIEEE, is a Professor, DEEE, and an Adjunct Professor with the Centre for E-Vehicle Technologies and the Centre for Energy Storage Technology, CEG campus, at Anna University, Chennai, India. Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, PhD, SMIEEE, is a Full Professor in Power Electronics with the Department of Electrical Engineering, IT and Cybernetics at the University of South-Eastern Norway, Norway.
