An introduction to the analysis of electric machines, power electronic circuits, electric drive performance, and power systems
This book provides students with the basic physical concepts and analysis tools needed for subsequent coursework in electric power and drive systems with a focus on Tesla’s rotating magnetic field. Organized in a flexible format, it allows instructors to select material as needed to fit their school’s power program. The first chapter covers the fundamental concepts and analytical methods that are common to power and electric drive systems. The subsequent chapters offer introductory analyses specific to electric machines, power electronic circuits, drive system performance and simulation, and power systems. In addition, this book:
Provides students with an analytical base on which to build in advanced follow-on courses Examines fundamental power conversions (dc-dc, ac-dc and dc-ac), harmonics, and distortion Describes the dynamic computer simulation of a brushless dc drive to illustrate its performance with both a sinusoidal inverter voltage approximation and more realistic stator six-step drive applied voltages Includes in-chapter short problems, numerous worked examples, and end-of-chapter problems to help readers review and more fully understand each topic
ABOUT THE AUTHORS ix PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT xi CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Phasor Analysis and Power Calculations 1 Power and Reactive Power 5 1.3 Elementary Magnetic Circuits 8 Field Energy and Coenergy 13 1.4 Stationary Coupled Circuits 16 Magnetically Linear Transformer 16 Field Energy 20 1.5 Coupled Circuits in Relative Motion 22 Field Energy 25 1.6 Electromagnetic Force and Torque 26 1.7 Elementary Electromechanical Device 32 1.8 Two- and Three-Phase Systems 35 Two-Phase Systems 35 Three-Phase Systems 37 References 40 Problems 40 CHAPTER 2 ELECTRIC MACHINES 43 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Fundamentals of Electric Machine Analysis 44 Concentrated Winding 44 Distributed Windings 47 Rotating Air-Gap MMF – Tesla’s Rotating Magnetic Field 52 Two-Pole Two-Phase Stator 52 Three-Phase Stator 56 P-Pole Machines 58 Machine Inductances 62 2.3 Two-Phase Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 63 2.4 Analysis of a Two-Phase Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 69 Transformation 70 Steady-State Analysis 77 2.5 Three-Phase Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 81 Voltage Equations and Winding Inductances 82 Torque 83 The qsr-, dsr-, and 0s- Equations 84 References 89 Problems 89 CHAPTER 3 POWER ELECTRONICS 91 3.1 Introduction 91 3.2 Switching-Circuit Fundamentals 91 Power Conversion Principles 92 Fourier Analysis 95 Switches and Switching Functions 97 Energy Storage Elements 101 3.3 DC-DC Conversion 103 Buck Converter 104 Boost Converter 113 Advanced Circuit Topologies 118 3.4 AC-DC Conversion 118 Half-Wave Rectifier 118 Full-Wave Rectifier 125 3.5 DC-AC Conversion 133 Single-Phase Inverter 133 Three-Phase Inverter 136 3.6 Harmonics and Distortion 144 References 147 Problems 147 CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE AND SIMULATION OF AN ELECTRIC DRIVE 149 4.1 Introduction 149 4.2 Operating Modes of a Brushless DC Motor 149 Brushless DC Motor Operation with 𝜙𝑣 = 0 150 Maximum Torque Per Volt Operation of a Brushless DC Motor (𝜙𝑣 = 𝜙𝑣MT¨MV ) 155 Maximum Torque Per Ampere Operation of a Brushless DC Motor (𝜙𝑣 = 𝜙𝑣MT¨MA) 160 4.3 Operation of a Brushless DC Drive 164 Operation of Brushless DC Drive with 𝜙𝑣 = 0 166 Operation of Brushless DC Drive with 𝜙𝑣 = 𝜙𝑣MT¨MV 170 Operation of Brushless DC Drive with 𝜙𝑣 = 𝜙𝑣MT¨MA 172 Modes of Control of a Brushless DC Drive 174 4.4 Simulation of a Brushless DC Drive 180 Simulation of Coupled Circuits 180 Simulation of Drive Inverter and Transformation 181 Simulation of Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 183 References 186 Problems 186 CHAPTER 5 POWER SYSTEMS 187 5.1 Introduction 187 5.2 Three-Phase Transformer Connections 187 Wye-Wye Connection 188 Delta-Delta Connection 190 Wye-Delta or Delta-Wye Connection 191 Ideal Transformers 192 5.3 Synchronous Generator 193 Damper Windings 198 Torque 198 Steady-State Operation and Rotor Angle 198 5.4 Reactive Power and Power Factor Correction 204 5.5 Per Unit System 209 Per Unitizing the Synchronous Generator 210 5.6 Discussion of Transient Stability 215 Three-Phase Fault 215 References 220 Problems 220 APPENDIXA TRIGONOMETRIC RELATIONS, CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS, AND ABBREVIATIONS 221 APPENDIX B WINDING INDUCTANCES 225 APPENDIXC ANIMATIONS 229 INDEX 231
Paul C. Krause is Board Chairman of PC Krause and Associates Inc. (PCKA), and a retired Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University. He has authored or co-authored more than 100 technical papers and is the co-author of Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, Third Edition (Wiley-IEEE Press), and Electromechanical Motion Devices, Second Edition (Wiley-IEEE Press). He is a Life Fellow of the IEEE and was the 2010 recipient of the IEEE Nikola Tesla Award. Oleg Wasynczuk is Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Purdue University and Chief Technical Officer of PCKA. He has authored or co-authored more than 100 technical papers and is the co-author of Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, Third Edition (Wiley-IEEE Press), and Electromechanical Motion Devices, Second Edition (Wiley-IEEE Press). He is a Fellow of the IEEE and was the 2008 recipient of the IEEE PES Cyril Veinott Electromechanical Energy Conversion Award. Timothy O'Connell is a Senior Lead Engineer at PCKA, where he leads a multi-member industry modeling and simulation team supporting the design and analysis of more electric aircraft. He has authored or co-authored over 20 technical papers on electric machine analysis and design, aerospace power systems, and modeling and simulation. He is a Senior Member of IEEE. Maher Hasan is a Senior Lead Engineer at PCKA, where he has led several software development efforts for the simulation of circuits and electromechanical and power systems, and is involved in modeling and simulation in support of multiple efforts. He has authored or co-authored several technical papers in the fields of dynamic simulation and numerical methods.
