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Impossible to be Restored?

Temptation and Warning in the Epistle of Hebrews

Dr. Marcus A. Mininger

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Hardback

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English
Apollos
21 August 2025
The letter to the Hebrews contains and engages with some of the most perplexing passages of Scripture. Temptation and apostasy provide one way of reading this New Testament book.

This volume in the New Studies in Biblical Theology series examines the Letter to the Hebrews, what temptation its audience was facing, and what Hebrews meant when it warned that some who fall away cannot be restored to repentance.

Marcus A. Mininger addresses questions such as:

- Is the sin of apostasy unforgiveable?

- Are apostate Christians unable to return to Christ ever again and to his church?

Setting the letter in the context of scholarly debate, Mininger addresses these contested issues in a fresh way, while also demonstrating the cohesive nature of the Epistle in relation to key biblical-theological themes.

Deeply exegetical, sensitive to wider themes, and rigorously engaged with scholarly literature, Impossible to be Restored? also shows the ongoing relevance of the Letter to the Hebrews for the challenges facing the church today, both internally and externally.

This is a volume in the New Studies in Biblical Theology. The NSBT is a series of monographs that address key issues in the discipline of biblical theology.
By:  
Imprint:   Apollos
Country of Publication:   United Kingdom
Dimensions:   Height: 216mm,  Width: 135mm, 
ISBN:   9781789745795
ISBN 10:   1789745799
Pages:   208
Publication Date:  
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Further / Higher Education
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
1 Introduction: the mystery of Hebrews and the search for context 1 What remains unknown about Hebrews' context 2 Manufacturing greater certainty: speculative reconstruction 8 A helpful alternative: reconstructing Hebrews' thought-world from within 10 The focus of this book: defining the main temptation and warning in Hebrews 13 2 Recent questions about the temptation: returning to Judaism or not? 17 The traditional paradigm 18 Revisionist criticisms 19 Revisionist proposals 22 Insights and problems in revisionist scholarship 25 Further reflection and remaining questions 34 3 Old questions about the warning: is return to repentance impossible? 37 Past interpretations and their weaknesses 39 Further reflection and remaining questions 50 4 Not re-laying a foundation: the temptation to start over again 53 A neglected and misunderstood metaphor 53 Key characteristics of foundation-laying in the ancient world 60 Tracing the flow of the author's deliberative rhetoric 68 5 Once having been enlightened: a decisive transition forward 73 The search for context: two closely connected lists 73 Transition into and experience of the new covenant 77 6 Trying to return: going back to the old covenant alone 85 A list of old-covenant beliefs and practices 86 Reflecting again on foundations 101 7 Situational change and the impossibility of return in Hebrews 107 Situational change and the warning passages 108 The impossibility of repentance revisited 116 8 Relating the covenants: the deeper logic of Hebrews' argument 123 Gracious covenants and an existentially loaded question 124 The relation of the covenants and the logic of Hebrews' warning 130 9 Situational plausibility and pastoral relevance, then and now 143 A plausible situation and pastoral relevance then 144 Different situations and pastoral relevance now 153

Dr. Marcus A. Mininger is Professor of New Testament Studies and Director of Institutional Assessment at Mid-America Reformed Seminary. He serves as Associate Pastor at New Covenant Community Church (OPC), and on the Candidates and Credentials Committee of the OPC's Presbytery of the Midwest. He is co-editor of the Mid-America Journal of Theology, a member of the Evangelical Theological Society and the Society of Biblical Literature, and preaches at teaches at Reformed churches around the USA.

Reviews for Impossible to be Restored?: Temptation and Warning in the Epistle of Hebrews

""Impossible to be Restored? adds further lustre to the already fine series of New Studies in Biblical Theology. Marcus Mininger suggests a solution to some of the puzzles in Hebrews by following the clues that lead us into the sitz im leben of its first hearers. By doing so he provides a coherent interpretation of its warning passages. The result is a study that functions at several different levels. To the scholar it offers a careful and stimulating study that serves to loosen an exegetical knot with which theologians have struggled for centuries. And, not least, to pastors, preachers, and counsellors it provides biblical exposition that will inform their preaching and their ability to give a helpful reading of Scripture not least to troubled souls."" -- Sinclair B. Ferguson, Chancellor Professor of Systematic Theology, Reformed Theological Seminary ""Marcus Mininger carefully analyses Hebrews' warning about the impossibility of repentance for apostates (Hebrews 6:4). After thoroughly reviewing diverse scholarly opinions, he reformulates a traditional reading of Hebrews' situation. The epistle warns its addressees not to avoid persecution by reverting to Jewish practices, the ""foundation"" of faith (Hebrews 6:1). Reconciliation to Christ remains possible for serious sinners; retracing the initial path to him through the old covenant is not. A thoughtful exploration of pastoral implications concludes his treatment. Anyone interested in a central theological ""crux"" of Hebrews will welcome this research."" -- Dr Harold W. Attridge, Sterling Professor of Divinity, Yale University ""I commend this book for setting forth what in my opinion is a definitive advance in understanding the apostasy passages in the book of Hebrews, with special focus on Hebrews 6:-16. It resolves by careful exegesis the difficulties belonging to a most vexing and disputed passage. Moreover, it has practical implications for how theologians think about apostasy and how the church should deal with people who have abandoned the faith or are contemplating it. The book underlines vigorously the fact that Christ is the only way of salvation, thus also providing resources for answering the modern attempts to find an opening for salvation through other religions."" -- Dr Vern S. Poythress, Distinguished Professor of New Testament, Biblical Interpretation, and Systematic Theology, Westminster Theological Seminary ""A person with a fresh perspective poses questions that have ceased to be asked. This fresh inquiry is what Mininger has brought to the study of Hebrews. The questions he poses are fresh, but not naive. He has devoted years of scholarly investigation to find suitable answers for some of the most difficult sections of this powerful letter. Insightful, thorough, gracious and pastoral, Impossible to Be Restored? should become a necessary conversation partner for all those interested in the background, text and impact of the Epistle to the Hebrews."" -- Amy Peeler, Kenneth T. Wessner Professor of New Testament, Wheaton College ""Mininger's arguments are impressive. He well argues that the letter is addressed to those primarily influenced by Judaism, to which I agree. Although this is not an unusual conclusion, his argumentation for it, including a fair explanation of those who disagree, is excellent. Beyond this, Mininger's primary burden is to solve many of the difficulties with Hebrews 6:1-6. His solution is that the ""impossible to restore again to repentance"" text refers to the impossibility to return to the Old Covenant for redemptive-historical reasons. This conclusion needs to be considered seriously by the scholarly world, and more especially, the evangelical world. Although in the end, I disagree with Mininger on this, I am whole heartedly in favour of this view being included as one of the standard views on Hebrews 6."" -- Dr Robert J. Cara, Hugh and Sallie Reaves Professor of New Testament, Reformed Theological Seminary, Charlotte, NC ""Here is a carefully argued and clearly articulated approach to solving some of the stickier interpretative issues in Hebrews. Mininger offers fresh insights into Hebrews in light of its place in redemptive history, and helps us consider how this letter continues to speak to us today."" -- Brandon Crowe, Professor of New Testament, Westminster Theological Seminary ""In this thorough study of Hebrews' warning against apostasy, Marcus Mininger effectively exposes the shortcomings of existing interpretive approaches before offering a fresh and convincing reading that has been hiding in plain sight. His redemptive-historical interpretation, focusing on the impossibility of returning from the new covenant to the old covenant alone, aligns seamlessly with both the letter's theological argument and the broader biblical witness."" -- Dr Camden Bucey, Executive Director and Fellow, Reformed Forum


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