Human and Ecological Risk Assessment

List of Contributors ix Foreword to the Third Edition xv Foreword to the Second Edition xix Foreword to the First Edition xxiii Preface xxv About the Editor xxix Volume 1 Section A Theory: Human Health Assessment 1 1 Primer on Human and Environmental Risk Assessment 3 Dennis J. Paustenbach, Blake T. Langenbach, and Richard J. Wenning 2 Hazard Identification (Humans) 71 Dennis J. Paustenbach and Richard J. Wenning 3 Hazard Identification (Environmental) 91 Richard J. Wenning and Dennis J. Paustenbach 4 Dose-Response Assessment (Cancer and Non-Cancer) 125 Dennis J. Paustenbach and Louis A. Cox Jr 5 Exposure Assessment 157 Dennis J. Paustenbach, Amy K. Madl, and Andrey Massarsky 6 Risk Characterization 263 Pamela R.D. Williams and Dennis J. Paustenbach Section B Case Studies of Human Health Hazards of Various Contaminated Media 333 B.1 Case Studies Involving Contaminated Water 335 7 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Drinking Water: A Retrospective Case Series with Risk Assessments 337 Daniel G. Kougias, Allison Killius, Justin Collins, Eric Russman, and Mark Maddaloni B.2 Case Studies Involving Contaminated Soils 397 8 Quantitative Risk Assessment for Synthetic Biology: A Case Study of Plastics Degradation in Municipal Landfill 399 Anna Ulanova, Ping Gong, Benjamin D. Trump, Christopher L. Cummings, and Igor Linkov 9 Dose Reconstructions for Radionuclides: Case Study Involving Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (HPNS), California 415 David Brew, Ayla Pavelka, Jack Buddenbaum, Michael E. Stevens, Dennis J. Paustenbach, and Robert D. Gibbons B.3 Case Studies Involving Air Contaminants 469 10 Mathematical Modeling of Environmental and Occupational Exposure 471 David H. Collins, Nitheesh George, and James Brett B.4 Case Studies Involving Consumer Products 497 11 Health Risk Assessment of Consumer Products: Case Studies of DEHP Exposure From Disposable Plastic Packaging and Formaldehyde Exposure From a Residential Couch 499 Rachel N. Hirani, Jennifer L. Bare, and Claire Mathis 12 Health Risks of Fungi in the Built Environment 525 Jeffrey Hicks and Ryan Lewis 13 A Risk Assessment of Cosmetic Talc for the Development of Mesothelioma and Ovarian Cancer 541 A. Michael Ierardi, Amanda Burns, Ania Urban, and Brent Finley 14 Proposition 65 and Exposure Assessment Methods 571 Renee M. Kalmes, Melinda T. Donnell, Keith Morris-Schaffer, and Carolyn G. Scrafford 15 Latest Developments in the Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials: A Framework for Advanced Materials and Emerging Technologies 583 Jo Anne Shatkin, James Ede, and Kimberly Ong Volume 2 B.5 Case Studies Involving Occupational Exposure 609 16 Assessment of Human Health Risks Associated with Changing Clothes and Handling Work Uniforms Containing Foundry Dust 611 Jason T. Lotter, Tyler V. Ferracini, Benjamin Roberts, and Thomas J. Slavin 17 A Review of Take-Home Exposure and Risk Associated with the Handling of Clothing Contaminated with Asbestos 643 Tyler V. Ferracini and Jennifer Sahmel 18 Case Study: Occupational Use, Exposures, and Environmental Chamber Studies of Human Eye and Respiratory Irritation Responses for a Peracetic Acid-based Hospital Surface Disinfectant 671 B.D. Kerger , A.E. Loccisano, and P. Dalton B.6 Methods for Conducting Exposure Assessments for Children 717 19 Children’s Health and Exposure to Chemicals in the Natural and Built Environment 719 Susan Goldhaber , Rachel Slover , Ashley Mullikin , Nicolle Tulve, and Elaine A. Cohen Hubal 20 Assessing Children’s Exposure to Contaminants in House Dust: A Case Study of Flame Retardants 747 Nicole M. DeLuca and Elaine A. Cohen Hubal B.7 Assessment of Tainted Foods 779 21 Microbial Risk Assessment 781 Antony D. G. Jones Section C Theory: Ecological Risk Assessment 833 22 Fundamentals of Ecological Risk Assessment 835 Richard J. Wenning 23 Application of Weight of Evidence in Ecological Risk Assessment 865 Katherine Coady , Mary Sorensen , Thomas Steeger , and Paige Leitman Section D Case Studies in Environmental and Aquatic Risk Assessment 897 24 Case Study – Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment of Residual Soil Contamination at a Former Munitions Disposal Landfill 899 Richard J. Wenning 25 Assessing Risks to Wildlife from Exposures to Chemicals 917 Bradley E. Sample, Mark S. Johnson, and Dwayne R.J. Moore Section E Important Topics Related to Environment Assessment 975 26 Emerging Frameworks and Tools for Environmental Risk Assessment 977 Charles A. Menzie, Taryn Horr , Roxolana Kashuba, Michael W. Kierski , Konrad J. Kulacki ,Margaret E. McArdle, Sean F. Ryan, and Alicia A. Taylor 27 Tiered Environmental Causal Analysis 1009 Charles A. Menzie, Michael W. Kierski, William Goodfellow , and Roxolana Kashuba Section F Risk Assessment Policy and Practice in Countries Outside the United States 1031 28 Risk Scoring Methods for Ranking Hazards to Human Health and Environment – Contaminated Sites as a Case Study 1033 Victor Gabriel Kabay 29 Australian Case Studies Involving Exposure to PFOS 1051 Tarah G. Hagen, Giorgio De Nola, Anthony Lane, and Jill Woodworth 30 How Risk Assessments Are Conducted in Germany; Including a Case Study 1091 Helmut Greim Section G Carcinogens in Perspective 1101 31 Misconceptions about the Causes of Cancer 1103 Lois Swirsky Gold, Bruce N. Ames, and Thomas H. Slone Section H Research Methods, Economics, and Risk Communication 1131 32 Evidence-Based Methods in Toxicology: Systematic Review and Systematic Evidence Mapping 1133 Daniele Wikoff and Seneca Fitch 33 Risk Assessment and Regulatory Impact Analysis 1149 Susan E. Dudley and George M. Gray 34 Co-Benefits, Countervailing Risks, and Cost–Benefit Analysis 1167 John D. Graham and Jonathan B. Wiener 35 Communicating Risks 1189 Hugh D. Walpole and Robyn S. Wilson Index 1203