Handbook of Global Health, Security, and War

Author Biographies x Preface 1 xvi Preface 2 xvii Abbreviations xviii Introduction xxi PART 1 Perspectives on Global Health and Security 1 CHAPTER 1 An Overview to Global Health and Health Systems 3 David Ross and Martin Bricknell What is Health? 4 What is a Health System? 6 Health Services 7 Health Systems and Security 10 Looking Forward 11 Sources and Resources 12 Notes 12 References 13 CHAPTER 2 Perspectives on Security 14 Zenobia Homan and Martin Bricknell What is Security? 15 Human Security 16 National Security 17 Global Security 18 Trends, Threats, and Risk 19 Insecurity and War 19 Peace Studies 22 Health Threats as a Risk to Security 23 Looking Forward 24 Sources and Resources 25 Notes 25 References 26 CHAPTER 3 Impact of War on Health 28 Kiran Attridge and Martin Bricknell Populations Affected by Conflict and War 29 Primary Impacts on Health 29 Secondary Impacts on Health Systems and Services 31 Tertiary Impacts on Determinants of Health 32 Timeline and Interrelationships of Impacts 33 Looking Forward 35 Sources and Resources 35 Notes 36 References 37 CHAPTER 4 Globalisation, Climate Change, and Migration 38 Geoff Whitman and Martin Bricknell Defining Globalisation 39 Climate Change 40 Migration 41 The Migration Journey and Health 42 Looking Forward 45 Sources and Resources 45 Notes 47 References 47 CHAPTER 5 How Weapons Kill 49 Sohrab Dalal and Martin Bricknell Introduction 50 The Explosive and Ballistic Effects of Weapons 50 CBRN Weapons 52 Environmental Threats 54 Epidemic Threats 54 Emerging Weapon Technologies 55 Left-of-Bang Prevention 55 Looking Forward 56 Sources and Resources 56 Notes 58 Reference 59 CHAPTER 6 Law and Ethics in Armed Conflict 60 Tracy Smart and Martin Bricknell What is Law in War? 61 Military Law and Ethics 64 Healthcare Law and Ethics 64 Specific Challenges in War 65 Making Ethical Healthcare Decisions in War 66 Looking Forward 70 Sources and Resources 70 Notes 74 References 75 CHAPTER 7 Global Health Security 76 Ben Wakefield and Martin Bricknell What is Global Health Security? 77 Components of GHS and One Health 79 Pandemics 80 CBRN Weapons 82 Antimicrobial Resistance 83 Risks from Securitising Health 84 Looking Forward 85 Sources and Resources 85 References 87 PART 2 Health Services and Conflict 91 CHAPTER 8 Health Systems Response to Crises 93 Adarsh Tiwathia and Martin Bricknell National Response to Emergencies 94 International Responses to Humanitarian Emergencies 96 The International Humanitarian Health Response 98 Sphere Handbook Health System Standards 100 Health Systems and Standards 101 Attacks on Healthcare 102 Looking Forward 104 Sources and Resources 104 Appendix A 106 Notes 106 References 106 CHAPTER 9 War and Physical Trauma 109 Eddie Chaloner and Martin Bricknell Introduction 110 'Chains of Care' 111 Pre-Hospital Care 112 First Aid 112 Ambulance 113 Resuscitation and Stabilisation 113 Command and Control 114 Triage 114 Hospital Care 114 Emergency Department 114 Operating Department 115 Nursing Department 116 Rehabilitation and Recovery 117 Governance and Data 117 Looking Forward 118 Sources and Resources 118 Notes 120 References 121 CHAPTER 10 War, Communicable Disease, and Health Security 122 Gemma Bowsher and Martin Bricknell Introduction 123 Communicable Disease Threats in Humanitarian Emergencies 124 Non-Health Prevention of Disease Outbreaks 126 Surveillance, Detection, and Control of Outbreaks of Communicable Diseases 126 (Global) Health Security 127 Non-Health Impacts of Health Security Crises 128 Looking Forward 129 Sources and Resources 129 Reference 'Books' 130 Notes 131 References 131 CHAPTER 11 War and Maternal and Child Health 133 Lucy Singh, Peter von Dadelszen and Martin Bricknell Introduction 134 Community Sexual and Reproductive Health 137 Antenatal, Intrapartum, and Postnatal Care 138 Newborn Care 138 Child Health and Protection 139 Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 140 Looking Forward 141 Sources and Resources 142 Note 144 References 144 CHAPTER 12 War, Non-Communicable Disease, and Palliative Care 146 Richard Sullivan and Martin Bricknell Introduction 147 Non-Communicable Diseases 148 Palliative Care 149 Therapeutic Geography 151 Restoring 'Normal' Clinical Services 151 Looking Forward 152 Sources and Resources 153 References 154 CHAPTER 13 War and Mental Health 156 Rachael Gribble and Martin Bricknell Introduction 157 The Epidemiology of Mental Ill Health Due to Conflict and Humanitarian Crises: Research on Civilians and Military Personnel 159 Risk Factors for Conflict-Related Mental Ill-Health 160 The Impact of War on Social Health 162 Clinically Treating Mental Ill Health Due to War 162 Resilience 163 Spiritual Dimensions of Mental Ill Health Due to War 164 Looking Forward 165 Sources and Resources 165 References 166 PART 3 Research and Policy Advocacy for Global Health, Security, and War 171 CHAPTER 14 Research in Health and Security 173 Abdulkarim Ekzayez and Martin Bricknell Introduction 174 Key Concepts and Terms in Research 176 Reading a Source of Evidence 178 Conducting Research in Health and Security 180 Developing Health and Security as an Academic Topic 181 Looking Forward 182 Sources and Resources 182 Notes 185 References 185 CHAPTER 15 Policymaking in Health and Security 187 Ana Elisa Barbar and Martin Bricknell Introduction 188 The 'Policy to Practice' Pathway 189 Influencing Policy 190 Challenges to Health Policymaking in the Face of War and Insecurity 192 Looking Forward 194 Sources and Resources 194 Notes 197 References 198 CHAPTER 16 Conclusions and Looking Forward 200 Richard Sullivan and Martin Bricknell Introduction 201 COVID-19 as a Warning of Vulnerability to Future Pandemics 202 War as Destruction: Ukraine 203 Intractible Conflict and Health: The Fight for Israeli and Palestinian Identity 204 Is Contemporary War More Inhumane? 205 Working in Health, Security, and Conflict 206 Final Conclusion 207 Notes 207 References 207 Index 208