Gunpoint Capitalism

Enforcing Industrial Order in Karachi

Laurent Gayer, Jane Roffe, Laurent Gayer

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English

C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd
01 June 2025

Globalization; Comparative politics; Economic systems & structures

Series: Comparative Politics and International Studies Series

On 11 September 2012, over 250 workers of Ali Enterprises, which produced jeans for the German discount retailer KiK, perished in a fire in their Karachi factory. Was this an accident or an arson attack? Straight away, the tragedy gave rise to contradictory interpretations. While some blamed the exploitative logics of fast fashion, others suspected foul play by the political parties preying on the city and its business class.

Taking as a starting point the controversy caused by this disaster, Gunpoint Capitalism plunges us into the murky waters of globalisation. Exploring the back alleys of Pakistan's industrial capital city, it shows how the manufacturing economy makes order out of disorder, and profit out of conflict

to the detriment of workers. In Karachi, as elsewhere, petty criminals and ex-servicemen prove to be formidable enforcers of economic order. A comparison with Europe, the United States and Latin America confirms the central place of such henchmen in the dynamics of capitalism. These shock troops of anti-unionism are now participating in the dismantling of the social state.

This probing, sometimes shocking, book sheds new light on the power structures, organised violence and daily labour struggles underpinning the production of our consumer goods.

By: Laurent Gayer
Translated by: Jane Roffe, Laurent Gayer
Imprint: C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd
Country of Publication: United Kingdom
Dimensions: Height: 216mm, Width: 138mm,
ISBN: 9781911723783
ISBN 10: 1911723782
Series: Comparative Politics and International Studies Series
Pages: 384
Publication Date: 01 June 2025
Audience: General/trade , ELT Advanced
Format: Hardback
Publisher's Status: Active

Laurent Gayer is CNRS Senior Research Professor at CERI-Sciences Po. He is the author of Karachi and co-editor of Muslims in Indian Cities and Armed Militias of South Asia (all published by Hurst); and co-author with Gilles Favarel-Garrigues of Proud to Punish: The Global Landscapes of Rough Justice.

Reviews for Gunpoint Capitalism: Enforcing Industrial Order in Karachi

'Plunges into the power structures and daily labour struggles underpinning the manufacturing economy in Pakistan’s industrial capital.' -- Himal Southasian 'A stunning portrait of the perpetrators and victims of Karachi's criminalised brand of neoliberal politics.' -- Jan Breman, Professor Emeritus of Comparative Sociology, University of Amsterdam 'An extremely impressive contribution to the sociological literature on contemporary Pakistan, and more broadly, on the study of violent capitalist dynamics under globalisation and deregulation. A wonderful read.' -- Umair Javed, Assistant Professor of Politics and Sociology, Lahore University of Management Sciences 'This remarkable book provides a deft and sophisticated ethnographic study of the complex interactions between the logics of violence and capitalist production in the megalopolis of Karachi.' -- Adnan Naseemullah, Reader in International Politics, King's College London