"Arhlene A. Flowers is associate professor of Integrated Marketing Communications in the Department of Strategic Communication at the Park School of Communications at Ithaca College in Ithaca, New York. Prior to joining Ithaca College in 2006, she held senior management positions at leading global public relations agencies headquartered in New York City, and she served as corporate public relations director worldwide for a publicly held multinational company based in Toronto. She has handled a wide range of public and private companies, nonprofits, and government organizations, where she conducted business on all continents except for Antarctica. She also managed internal public relations staff and public relations agencies in multiple countries, where she learned how to apply a ""glocal"" approach, blending the global mission of the organizations with the specific needs of the local markets. Her background spans all elements of public relations writing for internal and external audiences, reaching the media, consumers, special-interest groups, businesses, and shareholders in North America and international markets. Born in Hawaii, she holds a BA from New York University and an MPS from the New School for Social Research in New York City."